Ukususela Kumazwi Athethwayo Ukusa KwiZibhalo Ezingcwele NamaKristu Enkulungwane Yokuqala

UKUTYHUBELA izizukulwana amakholwa aye achitha ixesha elininzi efunda, ehlalutya eminye yeyona mibhalo ibalaseleyo—imibhalo yeTestamente Entsha, leyo yindlela eqhelekileyo ezibizwa ngayo iZibhalo zamaKristu zesiGrike. Loo mibhalo nayo yonke iBhayibhile iye yanempembelelo enkulu ehlabathini, kwimilinganiselo yokuziphatha, kubabhali bencwadi nakwinkcubeko. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba iye yanceda izigidi zabantu—kuquka nawe—bafumana ulwazi oluchanileyo ngoThixo nangoYesu.—Yohane 17:3.

Iincwadi zeVangeli neZibhalo zamaKristu zesiGrike azizange zibhalwe emva kokufa kukaYesu. Kuyabonakala ukuba uMateyu wayibhala eyakhe iVangeli emva kweminyaka esi-7 okanye esi-8 waza yena uYohane wayibhala eyakhe emva kweminyaka engama-65. Bakwazi njani ukubhala izinto ezazithethwa nezazisenziwa nguYesu ngokuchanileyo? Kucacile ukuba bakhokelwa ngumoya oyingcwele kaThixo. (Yohane 14:16, 26) Zadluliselwa njani iimfundiso zikaYesu ngokuchanileyo zaza ekugqibeleni zaba yinxalenye yeZibhalo Ezingcwele?

“Babengafundanga”

Kule nkulungwane idluleyo bambi bebesithi ekuqaleni abafundi bakaYesu abazange bazibhale izinto ezazifundiswa nguYesu kodwa babebalisa ngazo. Ngokomzekelo, omnye umphengululi uthi: “Kwadlula amashumi eminyaka ngaphambi kokuba ubulungiseleli bukaYesu basesidlangalaleni bubhalwe ngababhali beVangeli. Ebudeni beli xesha zazibaliswa ngomlomo kuphela izinto ezazisaziwa ngoYesu.” Bambi abaphengululi bathi abafundi bakaYesu  “babengafundanga.” a Bolek’ umsundulu besithi, ukutyhubela loo mashumi eminyaka okubaliswa kwezinto ezazisenziwa nguYesu, ingxelo yobulungiseleli bakhe yongezwa, yatshintshwa okanye yabaxwa. Ekugqibeleni ingxelo ayizange ichane.

Enye ingcamango ethandwa ngabaphengululi yeyokuba abanye babafundi bakaYesu abangamaYuda babelandela inkqubo yokufundisa eyayisetyenziswa ngoorabhi—ekukucengceleza nto leyo eyayiyenza ichane xa idluliselwa ngomlomo. Ngaba abafundi babexhomekeke kwilizwi lomlomo? Okanye ngaba zikho izinto ezabhalwayo ngobulungiseleli bukaYesu? Nangona singaqinisekanga kodwa kuyaqondakala ukuba zikho izinto ezabhalwayo.

Abantu Babekwazi Ukubhala

Ngenkulungwane yokuqala, abantu bazo zonke iintlobo babekwazi ukufunda nokubhala. Kule nkalo, unjingalwazi wesiHebhere noweelwimi zantlandlolo zakuMbindi-Mpuma uAlan Millard uthi: “Abantu babekwazi ukubhala ngesiGrike, ngesiAramiki nangesiHebhere.” Wolek’ umsundulu athi: “Lowo ngummandla uYesu awayeshumayela kuwo.”

Kuluvo lokuba iincwadi zeVangeli “zabhalwa ngabantu abangakwaziyo ukubhala,” uNjingalwazi uMillard ubhala athi: “Ayinakwenzeka into yokuba abantu belo xesha babengakwazi ukubhala. . . Ngokuqinisekileyo bakhona abantu ababezibhala izinto abazivayo mhlawumbi besenzela ukuba bazikhumbuze ngazo okanye babalisele abanye.”

 Kwakusetyenziswa amacwecwe odongwe xa kubhalwa. Umzekelo woku ufumaneka kwisahluko sokuqala sencwadi kaLuka. UZekariya owayengakwazi ukuthetha okwexeshana wacelwa ukuba athiye unyana wakhe igama. Indinyana 63 ithi: “Wacela icwecwe [ngentetho yezandla] waza wabhala oku: “NguYohane igama lakhe.” Izichazi magama zeBhayibhile zithi “icwecwe” lisenokubhekisela kwiplanga lokubhala elityatyekiweyo. Abantu ababekho bamnika icwecwe ukuze uZekariya abhalele kulo.

Omnye umzekeliso ubonisa ukuba amacwecwe okubhala ayesele esetyenziswa ngelo xesha. Kwincwadi yeZenzo uPetros wabongoza isihlwele esasisetempileni esithi: “Guqukani . . . khon’ ukuze zicinywe izono zenu.” (IZenzo 3:11, 19) Ibinzana elithi ‘zicinywe’ lisuka kwisenzi sesiGrike esithetha “ukusula.” IThe New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology ithi: “Isenzi esisetyenziswe kule ndinyana mhlawumbi nakwezinye sidlulisela ingcamango yokucima icwecwe ukuze liphinde lisetyenziswe.”

Kwakhona iingxelo zeVangeli zibonisa ukuba abalandeli bakaYesu nabantu ababemphulaphule babequka abantu ababesoloko bebhala. Ngokomzekelo babequka ababuthi berhafu abanjengoMateyu noZakeyu (Mateyu 9:9; Luka 19:2); igosa elongamela indlu yesikhungu (Marko 5:22); igosa lomkhosi (Mateyu 8:5); uYowana, umfazi wendoda eyayiphethe kwaHerode Antipas (Luka 8:3); kunye nababhali, abaFarisi, abaSadusi namalungu eSanhedrin. (Mateyu 21:23, 45; 22:23; 26:59) Ngokuqinisekileyo inkoliso yabo—ukuba yayingengabo bonke—abapostile nabafundi bakaYesu babekwazi ukubhala.

Abafundi, Abafundisi Nababhali

Ukuze babe ngabafundisi abangamaKristu, abafundi kwakungafuneki bazi nje kuphela izinto awazithethayo nawazenzayo uYesu kodwa kwakufuneka baqonda indlela uMthetho neziprofeto ezikwiZibhalo zesiHebhere ezazaliseka ngayo kuKristu. (IZenzo 18:5) Okubangel’ umdla kukuba, uLuka wabhala ngentlanganiso eyayiphakathi koYesu nabafundi bakhe emva nje kokuvuswa kwakhe. Wenzani uYesu kulo ntlanganiso? “Eqalela kuMoses nakubaProfeti bonke wabatolikela izinto eziphathelele yena kuzo zonke iZibhalo.” Emva koko uYesu wathi kubafundi bakhe: “‘Ngawo la amazwi am endawathetha kuni ngoxa ndandisekunye nani, ukuba zonke izinto ezibhaliweyo ngam emthethweni kaMoses nakubaProfeti nakwiiNdumiso zimelwe kukuzaliseka.’ Wandula ke wazivula ngokupheleleyo iingqondo zabo ukuba zicacelwe yintsingiselo yeZibhalo.” (Luka 24:27, 44, 45) Kamva abafundi “bakhumbula” intsingiselo yezinto awayebafundise zona uYesu.—Yohane 12:16.

Ezi ngxelo zibonisa ukuba abapostile nabafundi bamele ukuba babekukhuthalele  ukufunda iZibhalo ukuze bayiqonde ngokupheleleyo intsingiselo yezinto ababezibona nababeziva kwiNkosi yabo uYesu Kristu. (Luka 1:1-4; IZenzo 17:11) Kule nkalo unjingalwazi wezifundo zonqulo kwiYunivesithi yaseVirginia uHarry Y. Gamble ubhala athi: “Akuthandabuzeki ukuba kwasekuqaleni ayekho amaKristu, mhlawumbi amaqela awo awayefunda aze acacise izibhalo zamaYuda ukuze asekele iinkolelo zobuKristu kuzo aze ashumayele ngazo.”

Konke oku kubonisa ukuba abafundi bakaYesu babengaxhomekekanga ekudluliseni izinto ngomlomo kodwa babekwazi ukufunda nokubhala. Babengabafundi, abafundisi nababhali. Babengamadoda okomoya awayesalathiswa ngumoya oyingcwele. UYesu wabaqinisekisa ukuba “umoya wenyaniso” wawuza ‘kubakhumbuza zonke izinto awayebaxelele zona.’ (Yohane 14:17, 26) Umoya oyingcwele kaThixo wabanceda bakhumbula baza bazibhala phantsi zonke izinto awazithethayo nawazenzayo kuquka neengcaphulo ezinde njengeNtshumayelo yaseNtabeni. (Mateyu, isahluko 5-7) Umoya wakhokela ababhali beVangeli ukuba babhale ngendlela awayevakalelwa ngayo uYesu ngamaxesha athile nezinto awayezithetha xa ethandaza.—Mateyu 4:2; 9:36; Yohane 17:1-26.

Ngoxa ababhali beVangeli basebenzisa izinto ababeziva nababezibaliselwa izinto abazibhalayo zazivela kumthombo ophakamileyo—uYehova uThixo. Ngoko sinokuba nentembelo epheleleyo yokuba “sonke iSibhalo siphefumlelwe nguThixo” yaye sinokusifundisa size sisikhokele xa sisenza izinto akholwa zizo.—2 Timoti 3:16.

[Umbhalo osemazantsi]

[Amagama acatshulweyo akwiphepha 14]

Abalandeli bakaYesu babequka abantu ababekwazi ukubhala

[Amagama acatshulweyo akwiphepha 15]

Umoya oyingcwele kaThixo wanceda abafundi bokuqala bakaYesu bakhumbula baza bazibhala phantsi zonke izinto awazenzayo nawazithethayo

[Ibhokisi/Umfanekiso okwiphepha 15]

 Ngaba Abapostile Babengafundanga?

Xa abalawuli namadoda amakhulu aseYerusalem “bakubona ukuthetha ngokuphandle kukaPetros noYohane, baza baqonda ukuba babengabantu abangenamfundo nabaqhelekileyo, bamangaliswa.” (IZenzo 4:13) Ngaba ngokwenene abafundi babengafundanga? Ngokuphathelele ezi oku iThe New Interpreter’s Bible ithi: “Ezi zityholo azimele zithathwe njengeziyinyaniso ngokungathi uPetros [noYohane] babengakwazi ukufunda nokubhala. Babethetha ukuba abapostile babekudidi olwahlukileyo kolwabo.”

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 13]

“Wacela icwecwe waza wabhala oku: ‘NguYohane igama lakhe.’”

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 13]

Amacwecwe odongwe nezinto zokubhala ezazisetyenziswa kwinkulungwane yokuqala okanye eyesibini Yexesha Eliqhelekileyo

[Inkcazelo]

© British Museum/Art Resource, NY