Yesuusi Tumuppe Hayqqidoy Masqqaliyaanee?

ISSI insaykilooppiidee, “masqqalee Kiristtaanetuyyo waanna malaata” yaagiis. Daro haymaanoote misiletinne hegaa mala harabati Yesuusi masqqaliyan kaqettidoogaa bessoosona. Ha malaataa Kiristtaane giyo ammanuwan asay darosan goˈettiyoy aybissee? Tumuppe Yesuusi hayqqidoy masqqaliyaanee?

Daroti ha oyshaa Geeshsha Maxaafaappe zaaranau maloosona. Leemisuwau, Wolayttatto Geeshsha Maxaafay Yesuusi kaqettido wode asay, “ane masqqaliyaa bollappe ha77i wodhdho” yaagidi a bolli qilliiccidoogaanne a paaccidoogaa yootees. (Maa. 27:40, 42) Hara daro Geeshsha Maxaafaa birshshettatikka hegaadan goosona. Addisu Medebenya Amaaratto Geeshsha Maxaafaa Birshshettay Simoona giyo Qareena biitta asa xeelliyaagan, “masqqaliyaa wolqqan a toossidosona” yaagees. (Mar. 15:21) Ha xiqisetun masqqaliyaa geetettidaagee Giriikettuwan isttawuroos giya qaalaa. Hegaadan birshshiyo mino gaasoy deˈii? He Giriiketto qaalaa birshshettay aybee?

Hegee Masqqalee?

Giriike biitta asa gidida, eranchaa W. E. Vayini, isttaawuroos giya qaalaa xeelliyaagan, “Hegee daro baggi sitti giida mittaa woykko tuussaa malaatees. Hegaa mala mittan iitabaa oottidaageeti qixaatiyau kaqettoosona. Suntta gidida he qaalaynne peesho gidida isttaawuro giya qaalay naaˈˈaykka sitta mittan woy tuussan kaqqiyoogaa malaatoosona; hegee naaˈˈu mittaa xambbixallido, woosa keettati goˈettiyo masqqaliyaappe keehi dumma” yaagiis.

Zi Imperiyal Baybl Dikshineeri giyo maxaafay isttaawuroos giya qaalay “aybanne a bolli kaqqana danddayiyo woy saˈan torana danddayiyo sitti giida mittaa woykko tuussaa malaatees” yaagiis. He dikshineeree gujjidikka, “Roomatu qaalankka kirukis giya qaalay (masqqaliyaa giya nu qaalay yiido Laatine qaalaa) beni sitta mittaa malaatees” yaagiis. Yaatiyo gishshau, Zi Kaatolik Insaykiloppiidee, “Beni wode masqqalee xeeray masettido sitta mittaa malaatees” giidoogee garamissenna.

Geeshsha Maxaafaa xaafidaageeti Yesuusi kaqettidobaa qonccissanau goˈottido hara Giriiketto qaalay zaylon giyaagaa. E Kiritikal Lekskon end Konkorddans tu zi Ingilish end Giriik Niwu Testtament giyo maxaafay zaylon giya qaalaa “godau qanxxido woykko mudido mittaa” yaagi birshshees. Zaylon giya qaalay Isttaawuroos giya qaalaadan, “Roomati kaqetti hayqqna koshshiyo uraa kaqqiyo sitta mittaa woy tuussaa malaatees” gaana danddayettees.

Hegaara moggiya ogiyan, Addisu Medebenya Amaaratto Geeshsha Maxaafaa Birshshettay Oosuwaa 5:30n, “Intte mittaa [zaylon] bolli kaqqidi worido Yesuusa nu aawatu Xoossay hayquwaappe denttiis” yaagees. Issi issi birshshettati isttawuroos giya qaalaa “masqqaliyaa” giidi birshshikkokka, zaylon giyaagaa “mittaa” giidi birshshoosona. Yesuusa xeelliyaagan, Amaaratto Geeshsha Maxaafaa  1954 Birshshettay, “Abay ubbay hiraagan odettidoogaadan poletti simmin, mittaappe [zaylon] a wottidi moogidosona” yaagees.

Isttawuroosnne zaylon giya Giriiketto qaalatu birshshettaa xeelliyaagan qommoora qonccida Kiritikal Lekskon end Konkorddans giyo maxaafay, “Ha naaˈˈu qaalatikka ha wodiyan darotoo misiliyan beˈiyo, masqqale giyoobaara moggokkona” yaagees. Wonggeliyaa xaafeti isttawuroos giya qaalaa goˈettidi qonccissidobay, asay ha wodiyan masqqale giyooba mule milatenna. Yaatiyo gishshau, Ooratta Alamiyaa Birshshettay Maatiyoosa 27:40-42⁠ninne isttawuroos giya qaalay deˈiyo hara sohotun “barchiyaa mittaa” giya qonccissuwaa goˈettidoogee bessiyaaba. Hegaadankka, Komppilit Jiwush Baybilee he qaalay makkalanchata “kaqqiyo mittaa” gidiyoogaa qonccissees.

Masqqaliyau Doomettaa

Geeshsha Maxaafay Yesuusi masqqaliyan hayqqiis geennaba gidikko, yaanin Geeshsha Maxaafaa tamaarissoos, qassi kaalloos giya woosa keettati ubbay, giishin Kaatoliketi, Protesttanttetinne Orttodookiseti bantta woosa keettata masqqaliyan alleeqissiyoynne bantta ammanuwau malaatadan a goˈettiyoy aybissee? Masqqalee hegaadan darosan asay goˈettiyo malaata gididoy aybissee?

Hegaa zaaroy, Geeshsha Maxaafaa kaalloos giya woosa keettaa biyaageetu xalla gidennan, Geeshsha Maxaafaa kaallenna, eta goynoy “Kiristtaane” giyo woosa keettatuugaappe keehi kasetiyoogeetikka masqqaliyaa bonchiyo gishshataassa. Dumma dumma hanotaaninne meran giigida masqqaliyaa beni wode deˈida asaykka goˈettidoogaa haymaanootiyaabaa qonccissiya daro xuufeti yootoosona. Leemisuwau, beni wode Gibxxetu xuufetinne misileti, eta xoossatunne macca xoossatu bolli huuphessa baggaara irzzo malabay deˈiyo, T malaatay deˈiyo masqqaliyaa darotoo bessoosona. Hegee ansate woykko kushiyan oyqqiyo sohoy deˈiyo masqqaliyaa geetettiyaagaa gidishin, deˈuwau malaata goosona. Guyyeppe, hegaa mala masqqaliyaa Koptike giyoonne hara woosa keettati aahuwan goˈettidosona.

Zi Kaatolik Insaykiloppiidee qonccissidoogaadan, “beni wodiyaa masqqaliyaa qommoy, arshsho biittaa asatinne beni wode taarikiyaa xannaˈiya arkkiyolojistteti siwasttikaa giyoogee, ‘gaama’ (kiruks gaamata) giyo masqqliyaa gidennan aggenna.” Hindde biittan deˈiya Hinddu haymaanootiyaaninne Isiyaa biitta ubban deˈiya Budistte haymaanootiyan asay he malaataa aahuwan goˈettiis; ha wodiyankka he heeratun issi issibaa alleeqissiyooban a goˈettoosona.

Masqqalee “Kiristtaane” giyo haymaanootiyaa malaata gididoy awudekko erettenna. Vayini giigissido Ekispooziteri Dikshineeri of Niwu Testtaament Words giyo maxaafay hagaadan gees:  “Heezzantta xeetu layttau baggaa heera M.Ln, woosa keettati Kiristtaane ammanuwaara gayttidaagan issi issi timirtteta aggi bayidosona woykko geellayidosona. Kaddida woosa keettay ba bonchuwaa gishshau, eeqau goynniyaageeti Kiristtaane timirttiyaa ammanana xayikkokka, woosa keettaa yame gidanaadan oottiis; qassi eti kase goynuwau goˈettiyo malaatata goˈettanaadan paqqadiis.” Hegee masqqaliyaakka gujjees.

Awa ayfiyau goynniya Qosxxenxxinoosi 312 M.Ln, issi olaa wode aymuwan Laatine qaalan “hok winkas” (hagan xoonaasa) giyaagee xaafettido masqqaliyaa awa ayfiyaa bolli beˈidoogaadan yootiyoogaa issi issi xaafeti yootoosona. Amarida wodiyaappe guyyiyan, banttana Kiristtaane giyaageeti goˈettiyo he malaatay olanchatu armatun, gonddaletuuninne ola miishshatun xaafettiis. (Misilee haddirssa baggan deˈees.) Qosxxenxxinoosi Kiristtaane ammanuwau laamettiis geetettiyaaba gidikkokka, i 25 layttappe guyyiyan hayqqana haniyo wode xammaqettiis. Issoti issoti i hegaadan oottido gaasuwaa siroosona. Zi Nen Kirischiyan Kros giyo maxaafay, “Qosxxenxxinoosi hegaadan oottidoy Yesuusi tamaarissido timirttiyaa kaallanaassa gidennan, Kiristtaane ammanuwaa, eeqau goynniya a haaruwan deˈiyaageeti kaatolike [ubbay kaalliyo] haymaanootedan kaallana mala hanotaa giigissanau koyido gishshataassa” yaagees.

He wodeppe doommidi, daro hanotaaninne meran giigida masqqaliyaa asay goˈettees. Leemisuwau, Zi Illastretid Baybl Dikshineeri giyo maxaafay, geeshsha Anttoone masqqaliyaa geetettiyaagee “tawu giyo wogga T pitaliyaa milatees; issoti issoti hegee [Baabiloonetu] xoossaa Taamuza malaataappe yiidaagaa goosona” yaagees. X pitaliyaa milatiya, geeshsha Anddiriwu masqqaleekka deˈees; xambbixallettido sohoy meeze gidida masqqaliyaagaappe guuttaa ziqqi giido masqqaleekka deˈees. Naaˈˈantto qommo masqqalee Laatine masqqaliyaakka geetettiyaagaa gidishin, darotoo, “nu Goday hayqqidoy hegaa mala masqqaliyaana” geetettidi balan qofettees.

Koyro Xeetu Layttaa Kiristtaaneti Ammaniyoobaa

Koyro xeetu layttan, Yesuusi yootiyoobaa siyida daroti ammaniyaageeta gididoogaanne i yarshsho gididi hayqqidoogee wozana danddayiyoogaa ammanidoogaa Geeshsha Maxaafay yootees. Kiitettida PHauloosi Qoronttoosan deˈiya Ayhudatuyyo Yesuusi ba huuphe Kiristtoosa gidiyoogaa qonccissidi sabbaki simmin, “Aihuda woosa keettaa halaqai Qarisphphoosi ba so asaa ubbaara Godaa ammaniis; Qoronttoosa asatuppekka daroti Xoossaa qaalaa siyido wode, ammanidi [xammaqettidoogaa]” Geeshsha Maxaafay yootees. (Oos. 18:5-8) PHauloosi ba mala Kiristtaaneta, bantta goynuwan issi issi haymaanoote malaatatanne misileta goˈettanaadan gidennan, “eeqassi goinniyoogaappe,” qassi eeqa goynuwaappe yiida hara ay oosuwaappekka baqatanaadan azaziis.—1 Qor. 10:14.

Taarikiyaa eranchatinne pilggiyaageeti beni Kiristtaaneti masqqaliyaa goˈettiyoogaa bessiya ayba naqaashanne demmibookkona. Histtiri of zi Kiroos geetettiya maxaafay, 17tta xeetu layttaa wurssettan deˈida issi xaafee oychidobaa yootiyoogee akeekana bessiyaaba. He xaafee, “Anjjettida Yesuusi kawushshiyaabay gakkishin danddayidi, a bolli wolqqaama qixaatiyaa qaxxayettiisinne waayettiis giyo masqqaliyaa misiliyaa A erissiyo ashkkarati bonchiyoogan i ufayttana danddayii?” yaagidi oychiis. Ha oyshau intte zaaroy aybee?

Xoossaa ufayssiya ogiyan goynnanau issiban woy misiliyan goˈettana koshshenna. PHauloosi, “Xoossaa Beeta Maqidasiyaaranne eeqaara aiba zuppetetti de7ii?” yaagidi oychiis. (2 Qor. 6:14-16) Kiristtaaneti Yesuusi kaqettidobaa milatiyaabaa goynuwan goˈettana koshshiyoogaa yootiyaabi Geeshsha Maxaafan awaaninne baawa.—Maatiyoosa 15:3; Marqqoosa 7:13⁠ra gatta xeella.

Yaatin, tumu Kiristtaaneta shaakki erissiya malaatay aybee? Masqqaliyaa woykko hara ay malaataanne gidennan siiquwaa. Yesuusi bana kaalliyaageetussi, “Taani inttena ooratta azazuwaa azazais; issoi issuwaa siiqite. Taani inttena siiqidoogaadankka, intte issoi issuwaa siiqana bessees. Intte issoi issuwaara siiqettikko, ta erissiyo ashkkarata gidiyoogaa asai ubbai erana” yaagiis.—Yoh. 13:34, 35.

[Sinttaa 31n deʼiyaagaa]

Wonggeliyaa xaafidaageeti ha wodiyan asay masqqaliyaa giyoobaa malabaa aybanne yootibookkona

[Sinttaa 30n deʼiya misiliyaa qonccissuwaa]

Isttawuroos bolli kaqqidoogaa bessiya 17tta xeetu layttaa misiliyaa, lippisiyusa “de kruse” geetettiyaagaappe ekettidaagaa

[Sinttaa 31n deʼiya misiliyaa qonccissuwaa]

Deˈuwaa malaata gidida, ansate masqqaliyaa besseiya, godaa bolli xaafido Gibxetu misiliyaa (14tta xeetu layttaa K.K. heera)

[Sinttaa 31n deʼiyaagaa]

© DeA Picture Library / Art Resource, NY

[Sinttaa 31n deʼiya misiliyaa qonccissuwaa]

Lakssimi narayan hinddu beetamaqidasiyaa bolli deˈiya gaama masqqaliyaa

[Sinttaa 32n deʼiyaagaa]

From the book The Cross in Tradition, History, and Art (1897)