Kasi Josephus Wakalemba Nadi Ivi?
Mu buku linyake, munthu munyake wakulemba mdauko zina lake Flavius Josephus, wa mu nyengo iyo Cikhristu cikambiranga, wakayowoya vya nyifwa ya “Yakobe, munung’una wa Yesu mweneuyo wakacemekanga Khristu.” (Jewish Antiquities, XX) Ŵakulemba mdauko ŵanandi ŵakuwona kuti fundo iyi njaunenesko. Ndipouli, ŵanyake ŵakukolerana na fundo yinyake yakupambana na iyi yakukhwaskana na Yesu iyo yili mu buku lenelili. Nkhani iyi, iyo yikumanyikwa kuti Testimonium Flavianum, yikuti:
“Sono pa nyengo iyi Yesu, munthu wavinjeru, usange nchakwenelera kumucema kuti munthu cifukwa wakacitanga milimo yakuzizwiska, ndipo ŵanandi ŵakatemwanga kumutegherezga para wakusambizga. Ŵayuda na Ŵamitundu ŵanandi ŵakizanga kwa iyo. Wakaŵa Khristu; ndipo apo Pilato, pakupulikira ivyo ŵalara pakati pithu ŵakayowoya, wakalangura kuti wakhomeke pa mphinjika, awo ŵakamutemwanga ŵakamuleka yayi, cifukwa wakawonekaso wamoyo kwa iwo zuŵa lacitatu, nga umo nchimi za Ciuta zikayowoyerathu vinthu ivi ndiposo vinyake vyakukondweska vyakukwana 10,000 vyakukhwaskana na iyo; ndipo Ŵakhristu, ŵeneawo ŵali kutora zina ili kwa iyo, ŵandamare mpaka sono.”—Josephus—The Complete Works, lakung’anamurika na William Whiston.
Kwambira kuumaliro wa vyaka vya m’ma 1500 B.C.E., pali kupambana maghanoghano pakati pa ŵanthu awo ŵakugomezga kuti mazgu agha ngaunenesko na ŵanthu awo ŵakukayikira usange ni Josephus nadi uyo wakalemba mazgu agha. Serge Bardet wa ku France, munthu wakumanya mdauko ndiposo nkhwantha ya kulemba mabuku, wakasanda nkhani iyi, yeneiyo yikasuzga comene, ndipo ivyo wakasanda vyawovwira kuti nkhani iyi yimanyikwe makora mu vyaka 400 ivyo vyajumpha. Ivyo wakasanda wakalemba mu buku la mutu wakuti Le Testimonium Flavianum—Examen historique considérations historiographiques (The Testimonium Flavianum—A Historical Study With Historical Considerations).
Josephus wakaŵa na vigomezgo vya Ŵakhristu yayi. Wakaŵa na vigomezgo vya Ŵayuda ndipo wakalemba vyakukhwaskana na mdauko wa Ŵayuda; ntheura, apo nkhani iyi yikusuzga mpha mazgu ghakuti Yesu wakaŵa “Khristu.” Pa kusanda uko wakacita, Bardet wakati zina ili likukolerana comene na umo Ŵagiriki ŵakazunuliranga mazina gha ŵanthu. Bardet wakasazgirapo kuti kuyana na ivyo tikumanya vyakukhwaskana na Ciyuda kweniso Cikhristu, “nchakupulikikwa kuti Josephus wakalemba mazgu ghakuti Christos” kweniso kuti “ŵakususka ŵakubuda kusulako fundo iyi” yeneiyo njakovwira comene.
Kasi vingaŵa kuti mulembi munyake wakasazgamo mazgu ghanyake mu nkhani iyi mwa kuyezga umo Josephus wakayilembera? Pakuwona ukaboni wa mdauko na ivyo vikalembeka, Bardet wakati ungaŵa munthondwe comene kuti munthu wayezge kulemba nga umo wakalembera Josephus. Cingaŵa camacitiko yayi kuti munthu wayezge kulemba nga umo wakalembera Josephus cifukwa kalembero ka Josephus kakaŵa kapadera comene.
Ntheura, cifukwa wuli nkhwantha zinyake zikukayikira kuti Josephus wakalemba ivi? Pakumanya ico cikambiska suzgo, Bardet wakati “ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakukayikira vyakukhwaskana na Testimonium, mwakupambana na vinthu vinandi vyakale ivyo ŵalembi ŵakalemba cifukwa cakuti ŵakagomezganga yayi ivyo vili kulembeka mu Testimonium.” Bardet wakalutizga kuti ivyo nkhwantha izi zikugomezga vikujintha waka mu maghanoghano ghawo m’malo mwa mu maukaboni ghakukwana gha vinthu ivyo vili kulembeka, ivyo vikukhozgera kuti vinthu ivyo vili kulembeka mu Testimonium ni vyaunenesko.
Tiwonenge usange ivyo Bardet wali kusanda visinthenge maghanoghano gha nkhwantha pa buku la Testimonium Flavianum. Vinthu ivi vyakhorweska munthu munyake wakumanya mdauko wa Ŵayuda awo ŵakaŵa mu Girisi na wa Ŵakhristu ŵakwambilira, zina lake Pierre Geoltrain. Wakaghanaghananga kuti Testimonium njakusazgirapo waka, kweniso wakasekanga ŵanthu awo ŵakagomezganga kuti Testimonium njaunenesko. Kweni wali kusintha maghanoghano ghake. Wakati ivyo wakasanda Bardet ndivyo vyamovwira kuti wasinthe. Pasono, Geoltrain wali kupharazga kuti “kwambira sono kuya munthazi paŵavye munthu uyo wakwenera kukana kuti Josephus ndiyo wakalemba ivi.”
Ŵakaboni ŵa Yehova ŵali na cifukwa cakupulikikwa comene cakuzomerezgera kuti Yesu ni Khristu. Cifukwa ici cikusangika mu Baibolo.—2 Tim. 3:16.