‘Oku Poupou‘i ‘e he Keli Fakatotoló ‘a e Tohi Tapú?
‘Oku Poupou‘i ‘e he Keli Fakatotoló ‘a e Tohi Tapú?
‘I HE vakai ‘a e kau ako Tohi Tapú, ‘oku ‘aonga ‘a e keli fakatotoló, koe‘uhí ‘oku fa‘a tānaki mai ‘e he ngaahi me‘a ‘oku ma‘u aí ‘a e ‘ilo ki he mo‘ui, tu‘unga, anga fakafonua mo e ngaahi lea ‘i he kuonga ‘o e Tohi Tapú. ‘Oku toe ‘omai foki ‘e he keli fakatotoló ‘a e fakamatala ‘aonga fekau‘aki mo hono fakahoko ‘o e ngaahi kikite ‘i he Tohi Tapú, hangē ko hono tomu‘a tala ‘a e tō ‘i he kuonga mu‘á ‘a Pāpilone, Ninive mo Taiá. (Selemaia 51:37; Isikeli 26:4, 12; Sefanaia 2:13-15) Kae kehe, ‘oku ‘i ai pē ‘a e ngātanga ‘o e keli fakatotoló. Ko e ngaahi naunau ‘oku ma‘ú kuo pau ke sivisivi‘i ia, pea ko hono fakamatala‘í ‘oku lava ke hala mo liliu‘i ia ‘e he fa‘ahinga ‘o e tangatá.
‘Oku ‘ikai ke fakatu‘unga ‘a e tui ‘a e Kalisitiané ‘i he ngaahi vaasi kuo mafahifahi, ngaahi toetoenga piliki pe ngaahi ‘ā kuo holofa, ka ‘i he tānekinga feongoongoi kotoa ‘o e mo‘oni fakalaumālie ‘oku ma‘u ‘i he Tohi Tapú. (2 Kolinito 5:7; Hepelu 11:1) Ko e mo‘oni, ko e feongoongoi ‘i loto, fakamatala totonu, ngaahi kikite kuo fakahokó, pea mo e ngaahi tafa‘aki lahi kehe ‘o e Tohi Tapú ‘oku ‘omi ai ‘a e fakamo‘oni fakatupu tuipau ko e “potu Folofola kotoa pe ne fakamanava mei he ‘Otua.” (2 Timote 3:16) Neongo ia, fakakaukau angé ki ha ngaahi me‘a fakatupu tokanga na‘e ma‘u ‘i he keli fakatotoló ‘a ia ‘oku poupou ia ki he ngaahi fakamatala ‘i he Tohi Tapú.
Na‘e ma‘u ‘e ha timi keli fakatotolo ‘i Selusalema ‘i he 1970 ha toetoenga ‘o ha vela ne hoko. “Na‘e hā mahino ‘a e me‘á ki ha taha pē na‘e ako‘i ‘i he mala‘e ‘o e keli fakatotoló,” ko e tohi ia ‘e Nahman Avigad, ko e taki ‘i he timi keli fakatotoló. “Na‘e keina ‘e he velá ‘a e falé, pea na‘e holofa ‘a e ngaahi holisí mo e ‘aofí.” ‘I he loki ‘e taha na‘e ma‘u ai ha ngaahi hui [1] ‘o ha nima, ‘oku mafola hono ngaahi louhi‘i nimá, ‘o mafao atu ke ala ki ha sitepu.
Na‘e laku ‘i he falikí ‘a e ngaahi fo‘i koini [2], ‘a ia ko e ‘aho fakamuimui taha ‘oku fakafuofua ki aí ko e ta‘u hono fā ‘o e angatu‘u ki Loma ‘a e kau Siú—‘i he 69 T.S. Na‘e movete holo ‘a e ngaahi me‘a kehekehe ki mu‘a ke holofa ‘a e falé. “‘I he vakai ki he me‘á ni,” ko e lau ia ‘a Avigad, “ne mau manatu‘i ai ‘a hono fakamatala‘i ‘e Siosifasi ‘a e fa‘ao fakamālohi ‘e he kau sōtia Lomá ‘a e ngaahi koloa mei he ‘ū ‘apí hili hono ikuna‘i ‘o e koló.” ‘Oku fakafuofua ‘e he kau faihisitōliá ‘a hono faka‘auha ‘o Selusalema ‘e he kau Lomá ki he ta‘u 70 T.S.
Na‘e fakapapau‘i ‘e hono vakai‘í ko e ngaahi huí ko e hui ia ‘o ha fefine ‘i hono ta‘u 20 tupú. “‘I hono ma‘u ‘e he velá ‘i he taimi ‘o e ‘oho ‘a e kau Lomá,” ko e fakamatala ia ‘a e Biblical Archaeology Review, “na‘e hoholo hifo ai ki he falikí ha ki‘i fefine na‘e ‘i he peito ‘o e Fale Velá ‘o ne kakapa ke a‘u ki ha sitepu na‘e ofi ki he matapaá ‘i he‘ene maté. Na‘e vave ‘aupito ‘a e mafola ‘a e velá . . . ‘o ‘ikai lava ai ke ne hao pea na‘e tanumia ia ‘e he ngaahi toetoenga na‘e nganganá.”
‘Oku fakamanatu mai ‘e he me‘á ni kiate kitautolu ‘a e kikite ‘a Sīsū fekau‘aki mo Selusalemá, ‘a ia na‘e talaki ofi he ta‘u ‘e 40 ki mu‘a ke hokó: “[Ko] ho ngaahi fili . . . te nau laiki koe mo ho‘o fanau foki; pea ‘e ‘ikai te nau fakatoe hao maka ‘o ta‘e holoki.”—Ko e ngaahi me‘a kuo ‘ilo ‘i he keli fakatotoló ‘a ia ‘oku fakamo‘oni ki he ngaahi fakamatala ‘a e Tohi Tapú ‘oku toe ‘asi ai ‘a e ngaahi hingoa ‘o e fa‘ahinga tāutaha na‘e lave ki ai ‘i he Tohi Tapú. Ko e ni‘ihi ‘o e ngaahi me‘á ni kuo faka‘ikai‘i ai ‘a e taukave‘i ‘e he kau fakaangá ki mu‘a ‘o pehē na‘e fa‘ufa‘u ‘e he kau hiki-tohi ‘o e Tohi Tapú ‘a e fa‘ahinga ‘e ni‘ihi pe fakalahi‘i ‘a ‘enau ongoongoá.
Ngaahi Hingoa Fakatohitapu Ne Tohi Tongi
‘I he taimi ‘e taha, na‘e pehē ai ‘e he kau mataotao tokolahi ne ‘ikai ‘i ai ha taha ia ko Tu‘i Sākoni II ‘i ‘Asīlia, ‘a ia ‘oku hā hono hingoá ‘i he Tohi Tapú ‘i he Aisea 20:1. Kae kehe, ‘i he 1843 ofi ki Khorsabad, ‘Iulaki he taimi ní ‘i ha tafenga vai ‘o e Vaitafe Taikilisí, na‘e ma‘u ai ‘a e palasi ‘o Sākoní [3]. Na‘e fe‘unga nai ia mo e ‘eka ‘e 25. ‘I he fakae‘a ‘o ‘ikai kei ta‘e‘ilo ki ai ‘a e kakaí, ‘oku hoko ai he taimí ni ‘a Sākoni II ko e taha ia ‘o e ngaahi tu‘i ‘Asīlia ongoongoa tahá. ‘I he taha ‘o hono ngaahi lēkooti fakahisitōliá [4], ‘okú ne pehē ai na‘á ne ikuna‘i ‘a e kolo ‘Isileli ko Samēliá. Fakatatau ki he lau taimi ‘a e Tohi Tapú, na‘e tō ‘a e kau Samēliá ki he kau ‘Asīliá ‘i he 740 K.M. ‘Oku toe lēkooti foki ‘e Sākoni ‘a hono ikuna‘i ‘o ‘Asitotí, ‘o toe fakamo‘oni‘i ai ‘a e Aisea 20:1.
Lolotonga hono keli hake ‘a e ngaahi toetoenga ‘o Pāpilone ‘o e kuonga mu‘á, ‘i ‘Iulaki ‘i onopōní, na‘e ma‘u ai ‘e he kau keli fakatotoló ‘a e ngaahi lau‘i maka tohi fuo matatōtao ofi ki he Matapā ‘Isitaá. ‘I he fakamatala ki he vaha‘a taimi ‘o e pule ‘a Tu‘i Nepukanesa ‘o Pāpiloné, ‘oku kau ‘i he ngaahi tohi tongí ha lisi ‘o e ngaahi hingoa, ‘o kau ai ‘a e “Iokini, tu‘i ‘o e fonua ko ‘Iahutí.” ‘Oku ‘uhinga ‘eni kia Tu‘i Sihoiakini ‘o e fonua ko Siutá, ‘a ia na‘e taki pōpula ki Pāpilone ‘i he taimi ‘o hono ‘uluaki ikuna‘i ‘e Nepukanesa ‘a Selusalema ‘i he 617 K.M. (2 Tu‘i 24:11-15) Ko e toko nima ‘o e ngaahi foha ‘o Sihoiakiní ‘oku toe lave ki ai ‘i he ngaahi lau‘i maká.—1 Kalonikali 3:17, 18.
‘I he ta‘u 2005, lolotonga ‘a e keli ‘i ha feitu‘u na‘a nau ‘amanekina ke ma‘u ai ‘a e palasi ‘o Tu‘i Tēvitá, na‘e ma‘u ai ‘e he kau keli fakatotoló ha fu‘u konga maka ‘o ha fale ‘a ia ‘oku nau tui na‘e faka‘auha ‘i he taimi na‘e ‘ohofi ai ‘a Selusalema ‘e he kau Pāpiloné laka si‘i hake pē ‘i he ta‘u ‘e 2,600 kuo maliu atú, lolotonga ‘a e taimi ‘o e palōfita ‘a e ‘Otuá ko Selemaiá. ‘Oku ‘ikai fakapapau‘i pe ko e konga maká ko ha toetoenga ia ‘o e palasi ‘o Tēvitá. Kae kehe, na‘e fakapapau‘i ‘e he tokotaha keli fakatotolo ko Eilat Mazar ha me‘a mahu‘inga makehe—ko ha tohi tongi ‘i ha sila ‘umea [5] senitimita ‘e taha hono fālahí ‘oku pehē ai: “Ko e me‘a ‘a Iehukali ko e foha ‘o Selemiahu ko e foha ‘o Sovi.” Ko e tohi ko ‘ení ‘oku mahino na‘e fai ia ‘aki ‘a e sila ‘a Iehukali (‘oku toe ui ko Sihukali pe Sukali), ko ha ‘ōfisa Siu ‘oku lave ki ai ‘i he Tohi Tapú na‘á ne fakafepaki kia Selemaia.—Selemaia 37:3; 38:1-6.
‘Oku pehē ‘e Mazar ko Sihukali ‘a e “minisitā fakatu‘i hono ua,” ‘i he hili pē ‘a Kemalaia, ko e foha ‘o Sāfaní, ‘a ia ko hono hingoá ‘oku hā ia ‘i ha sila na‘e ma‘u ‘i he Kolo ‘o Tēvitá. ‘Oku fakapapau‘i ‘e he Tohi Tapú ‘a Sihukali, ko e foha ‘o Silimaia (Selemiahu), ko ha pilinisi ia ‘o Siuta. ‘I he ki mu‘a ke ma‘u ‘a e silá, na‘e ‘ikai ke ‘ilo‘i ia ‘e he kakai ‘o tua‘aá tuku kehe pē ‘a e Tohi Tapú.
Na‘a Nau Lava ‘o Lautohi mo Tohi?
‘Oku fakahaa‘i ‘i he Tohi Tapú ko e kakai ‘Isileli ‘o e kuonga mu‘á ne nau poto he lautohí mo e tohí. (Nomipa 5:23; Siosiua 24:26; Aisea 10:19) Ka ‘oku faka‘ikai‘i ia ‘e he kau fakaangá, ‘i he fakakikihi ‘o pehē na‘e faka‘ilo lahi mai ‘a e hisitōlia ‘i he Tohi Tapú ‘e he tala ngutu fakaetukufakaholo ta‘efalala‘anga. ‘I he 2005, na‘e fakata‘e‘aonga‘i ai ‘a e fakakaukau ko ‘ení ‘i he taimi na‘e ma‘u ai ‘e ha kau keli fakatotolo ne nau ngāue ‘i Tel Zayit, ‘i loto-mālie he vaha‘a ‘o Selusalema mo e Metiteleniané, ha ‘alafapeti motu‘a, mahalo ko e ‘alafapeti faka-Hepelū [6] motu‘a taha ia kuo faifai ange pea ma‘ú, na‘e tongi ‘i ha konga makalahe.
‘I hono fakafuofua ki he senituli hono hongofulú K.M., ‘oku pehē ‘e he kau mataotao ‘e ni‘ihi ko e me‘a ko ia kuo ma‘ú, ‘oku ngalingali ko ha fa‘ahinga “ako fakaesikalaipe maau,” ko ha “tu‘unga makehe ‘o e anga fakafonuá,” pea ko ha “fokotu‘utu‘u fakapule‘anga ‘a ‘Isileli na‘e tupulekina vave ‘i Selusalema.” Ko ia ai, ‘i he kehe mei he taukave‘i ‘a e kau fakaangá, ‘oku hā mai ko e senituli hongofulú K.M. pe ki mu‘a ange ai, na‘e poto ‘a e kau ‘Isilelí he lautohí mo e tohí pea ‘oku pau pē ne nau lava ke lēkooti honau hisitōliá.
‘Omi ‘e he Ngaahi Lēkooti ‘i ‘Asīlia ha Toe Poupou
Ko ‘Asīlia ‘a ia na‘e hoko he taimi ‘e taha ko ha ‘emipaea kāfakafá, ‘oku fa‘a ‘asi ia he lēkooti ‘i he Tohi Tapú, pea ko e lahi ‘o e ngaahi me‘a kuo ma‘u ‘i he keli fakatotoló he feitu‘u ko iá ‘oku fakamo‘oni ia ki he tonu ‘a e Tohi Tapú. Ko e fakatātaá, na‘e ma‘u ‘i hano keli hake ha feitu‘u ‘i Ninive ‘o e kuonga mu‘á, ‘a e kolomu‘a ‘o ‘Asīliá, ha lau‘i maka tā tongitongi [7] ‘i he palasi ‘o Tu‘i Senakalipé, ‘oku tā ai ‘a e kau sōtia ‘Asīliá ‘i he‘enau taki ‘a e kau pōpula Siu ke fakahē‘í hili ‘a e tō ‘a Lākisi ‘i he 732 K.M. ‘E lava ke ke lau ‘a e fakamatala ‘i he Tohi Tapú ‘i he 2 Tu‘i 18:13-15.
Ko e ngaahi lēkooti fakahisitōlia ‘o Senakalipe [8] ‘a ia na‘e ma‘u ‘i Ninivé, ‘oku fakamatala ai ki he‘ene feingangāue fakakautau lolotonga e pule ‘a e Tu‘i Siuta ko Hesekaiá, ‘a ia ‘oku lave ‘a e fakamatalá ki hono hingoá. Ko e ngaahi lēkooti tohi fuo matatōtao ‘o e kau taki kehé ‘oku lave ai ki he ongo Tu‘i Siuta ko ‘Āhasi mo Manasé, pea pehē ki he ngaahi Tu‘i ‘Isileli ko ‘Omilai, Sehu, Sōasi, Menahemi pea mo Hōsea.
‘I he‘ene ngaahi fakamatalá ‘oku vikia ai ‘e Senakalipe ‘a ‘ene ngaahi lavame‘a fakakautaú, ka ko e me‘a fakatupu tokangá, ‘oku ‘ikai ha lave ai ‘e taha ki hano ikuna‘i ‘o Selusalema. Ko e tu‘unga fakatupu tokanga ko iá ‘oku tānaki atu ia ki he falala‘anga ‘a e lēkooti ‘a e Tohi Tapú, ‘a ia ‘oku fakahā ai na‘e ‘ikai ‘aupito ke ikuna‘i ‘e he tu‘í ‘a Selusalema ka na‘á ne tofanga pē ‘i hono ikuna‘i ia ‘e he to‘ukupu ‘o e ‘Otuá. Hili iá, na‘e foki ai ki Ninive ‘a Senakalipe kuo fakahāea‘í, ki he feitu‘u ‘oku pehē ‘e he Tohi Tapú, na‘e fakapoongi ai ia ‘e hono ngaahi fohá. (Aisea 37:33-38) Ko e me‘a mālié, ‘oku fakamo‘oni ha ongo tohi tongi faka-‘Asīlia ki he fakapoongi ko iá.
Koe‘uhi ko e fulikivanu ‘a e kakai ‘o Ninivé, na‘e tomu‘a tala ai ‘e he ongo palōfita ‘a e ‘Otuá ko Nēhumi mo Sēfanaia ‘a e faka‘auha faka‘aufuli ‘e hoko ki he koló. (Nehumi 1:1; 2:8–3:19; Sefanaia 2:13-15) Na‘e fakahoko ‘a ‘ena kikité ‘i he taimi na‘e ‘ākolo‘i pea ikuna‘i ai ‘a Ninive ‘i he ta‘u 632 K.M. ‘e he kau tau fakatahataha ‘a Napopolasa ko e tu‘i Pāpiloné mo Saiekilesi ‘o Mītiá. Ko hono ma‘u mo hono keli hake ‘a hono ngaahi toetoengá ‘oku toe fakamo‘oni ia ki he ngaahi fakamatala ‘i he Tohi Tapú.
Ko Nuzi, ko ha kolo he kuonga mu‘á ‘i he fakahahake ‘o e Vaitafe Taikilisí pea ‘i he fakatongahahake ‘o Ninivé, ‘i hono keli ‘i he vaha‘a ‘o e 1925 mo e 1931, na‘e ma‘u ai ‘a e ngaahi ngāue fakamea‘a, ‘o kau ai ‘a e ngaahi lau‘i maka ‘umea ‘e 20,000 nai. ‘I hono hiki ‘i he lea faka-Pāpiloné, ‘oku ma‘u ai ha fakamatala fakaikiiki lahi fekau‘aki mo e ngaahi tō‘onga fakalao fakafonua meimei tatau mo e tō‘onga fakafonua ‘a e fa‘ahinga ‘i he kuonga ‘o e kau pēteliaké ‘a ia ‘oku fakamatala‘i ‘i he tohi Senesí. Ko e fakatātaá, ‘oku hā ‘i he fakamatalá ko e ngaahi ‘otua fakafāmili, ‘a ia ‘i he taimi lahi ko e fanga ki‘i tamapua ‘umea, na‘e hoko ia ko ha faka‘ilonga fakalao, ‘o ‘oange ai ki he tokotaha ha‘aná ‘a e totonu ki ha tofi‘a. ‘Oku lava ke fakamatala‘i ‘e he anga fakafonua ko ‘ení ‘a e ‘uhinga na‘e ‘ave ai ‘e Lesieli ko e uaifi ‘o e pēteliake ko Sēkopé ‘a e ngaahi ‘otua fakafāmilí, pe “telafimi,” ‘a ‘ene tamaí, ‘a Lēpani, ‘i he taimi na‘e hiki ai ‘a e fāmili ‘o Sēkopé. ‘Oku lava ke mahino ‘a e ‘uhinga na‘e feinga ai ‘a Lēpani ke fakafoki ‘a e telafimí.—Senesi 31:14-16, 19, 25-35.
Kikite ‘a ‘Aiseá pea mo e Silinitā Kōlesí
Ko e tohi tongi fuo matatōtao ‘i he silinitā ‘umea motu‘a ‘oku ‘asi hení ‘oku fakamo‘oni ia ki ha toe fakamatala Fakatohitapu ‘e taha. ‘Oku ‘iloa ‘a e fakamatalá ni ko e Silinitā Kōlesí [9], ‘a ia na‘e ma‘u ‘i he feitu‘u ko Sipa ‘o e kuonga mu‘á ‘i he ‘Iufaletesí, ‘oku kilomita ‘e 32 nai mei Baghdad. ‘Oku fakamatala ai ki he ikuna‘i ‘o Pāpilone ‘e Kōlesi ko e Lahi, ‘a e tokotaha na‘á ne fokotu‘u ‘a e ‘Emipaea Pēsiá. Ko e me‘a fakaofó, ‘i he ta‘u ‘e 200 nai ki mu‘a aí, na‘e folofola ai ‘a Sihova fakafou ‘i he‘ene palōfita ko ‘Aiseá ‘o fekau‘aki mo ha tokotaha pule Mītia-Pēsia ko hono hingoá ko Kōlesi: “Ko ‘eku tauhisipi ia, pea te ne fakaai kotoa ‘a e me‘a ‘oku ou loto ki ai: ‘io, he‘ene pehe ki Selusalema, ‘E toe langa ia.”—Aisea 13:1, 17-19; 44:26–45:3.
‘Oku fakatupu tokangá, ‘oku lave ‘i he silinitaá ki he lao ‘a Kōlesí—‘a ia ‘oku kehe ‘aupito ia mei he lao ‘a e kau ikuna he kuonga mu‘á—ko hono fakafoki ‘a e kau pōpula na‘e taki pōpula ‘e he pule ki mu‘á ki honau fonua tupu‘angá. ‘Oku fakamo‘oni‘i ‘e he hisitōlia ‘o e Tohi Tapú mo e māmaní na‘e tuku ange mo‘oni ‘e Kōlesi ‘a e kau Siú, ‘a ia na‘a nau toe langa ‘a Selusalema ‘i he taimi ko iá.—2 Kalonikali 36:23; Esela 1:1-4.
Neongo ‘i ha tu‘unga ko e fekumi keli fakatotolo fekau‘aki mo e Tohi Tapú ko ha tafa‘aki saienisi fo‘ou, kuo hoko ia ko ha mala‘e lahi ‘o e akó ‘a ia kuo fakae‘a ai ‘a e ngaahi fakamatala mahu‘inga. Pea hangē ko ia kuo tau vakai ki aí, ‘oku fakamo‘oni ‘a e lahi ‘o e ngaahi me‘a kuo ma‘u aí ki he alafalala‘anga mo e tonu ‘a e Tohi Tapú, ‘o a‘u ‘i he taimi ‘e ni‘ihi ki he fakamatala fakaikiiki ‘aupitó.
KI HA FAKAMATALA LAHI ANGE
‘E lava ke tokoni‘i koe ‘e he Tohi Tapú ke ke mo‘ui ‘i ha mo‘ui fiefia mo mohu taumu‘a? Ko e DVD houa ‘e ua ko e The Bible—A Book of Fact and Prophecy ‘oku kau ai ‘a e tu‘unga-lea mahu‘inga ko ‘ení pea ‘oku hā ai ‘a e ngaahi faka‘eke‘eke fakaue‘iloto.—Ma‘u ‘i he lea ‘e 32.
The Bible—God’s Word or Man’s?
‘Okú ke fiema‘u ha fakamo‘oni lahi ange ko e Tohi Tapú ‘oku ‘ikai ko ha talatupu‘a pea ‘oku ‘ikai fepakipaki? ‘Oku mo‘oni ‘a e ngaahi mana ‘i he Tohi Tapú? Vakai‘i angé ‘a e ngaahi fo‘i mo‘oni ‘i he tohi peesi ‘e 192 ko ‘ení.—Pulusi ‘i he lea ‘e 56.
[Ma‘u‘anga]
‘Alekisānita ko e Lahi: Roma, Musei Capitolini
Ko e Hā ‘Oku Ako‘i Mo‘oni ‘e he Tohi Tapú?
Ko e vahe ‘e 19 ‘i he tohi tokoni ako ko ‘ení ‘oku lave ai ki he akonaki Fakatohitapu mahu‘inga kotoa pē pea ‘oku fakamatala ai ki he taumu‘a ‘a e ‘Otuá ki he fo‘i māmaní mo e fa‘ahinga ‘o e tangatá.—Ma‘u he taimí ni ‘i he lea ‘e 162.
Ko ‘Eku Tohi ‘o e Ngaahi Talanoa Faka-Tohitapú
‘I hono fakataumu‘a tefito ma‘á e fānaú, ‘oku lāulea ‘a e tohi fakatātā faka‘ofo‘ofa ko ‘ení ki he kakai ‘e toko 116 mo e ngaahi me‘a na‘e hoko—kātoa ‘i he tu‘unga fakahokohoko taimi.—Ma‘u ‘i he lea ‘e 194.
[Ma‘u‘anga Tā ‘i he peesi 15]
Ngaahi fo‘i koiní: Generously Donated by Company for Reconstruction & Development of Jewish Quarter, Jerusalem Old City
[Ma‘u‘anga Tā ‘i he peesi 15]
Society for Exploration of Land of Israel and its Antiquities
[Ma‘u‘anga Tā ‘i he peesi 16]
3: Musée du Louvre, Paris; 4: Photograph taken by courtesy of the British Museum; 5: Gabi Laron/Institute of Archaeology/Hebrew University © Eilat Mazar
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6: AP Photo/Keith Srakocic; 7, 8: Photograph taken by courtesy of the British Museum
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Photograph taken by courtesy of the British Museum