Mari Netsika—Zvatinodzidza Kune Zvakaitika Kare

MUSI waApril 7, mugore ra1630, vanhu vanenge mazana mana vaiva mungarava ina vakabva kuEngland vachienda kuAmerica. Vakawanda vavo vakanga vakadzidza chaizvo. Vamwe vavo vaiva vanamuzvinabhizimisi vaibudirira mubasa ravo. Vamwe vaitova nhengo dzeparamende. Upfumi hwokumusha kwavo hwakanga hwaita manyama amire nerongo, hwaparadzwa neHondo Yemakore Makumi Matatu yairamba ichitsviriridza muEurope (kubvira muna 1618 kusvikira muna 1648). Saka vasingazivi zvaizoitika, vakasiya misha, mabhizimisi, nehama dzavo ndokuenda kunyika yaiva kure vachinotsvaka mimwe mikana iri nani.

Zvisinei, vanhu ava vaiva netariro vakanga vasiri vemakambaniwo zvawo aiwana mari nenzira dzakaipa. Vaiva vaPuritan vaishingaira vakanga vachitiza kutambudzirwa chitendero chavo. * Chavaivavarira chaicho kwaiva kunotanga musha mutsva uko ivo nevazukuru vavo vaigona kuzobudirira mune zvoupfumi vasingatyori mitemo yeBhaibheri. Vachangosvika paSalem, Massachusetts, vakatora nzvimbo duku yaiva pamhenderekedzo. Musha wavo mutsva uyu vakauti Boston.

Zvakanga Zvakaoma Kuva Nezvose Mari Netsika Dzakanaka

John Winthrop, mutungamiriri wavo aivawo gavhuna, akaita zvose zvaaigona kuti munhu mumwe nomumwe ave noupfumi hwake uye kuitira vanhu vose zvakanaka munzvimbo itsva iyi. Aida kuti vanhu vave nezvose mari netsika dzakanaka. Asi izvi zvakanga zvakaoma kuti vanhu vacho vave nezvose, mari netsika dzakanaka. Achiziva kuti paizova nezvipingamupinyi, akataurira shamwari dzake zvakawanda kwazvo nezvebasa roupfumi kuvanhu vanochengeta mitemo yaMwari.

Kungofanana nevamwe vatungamiriri vevaPuritan, Winthrop aidavira kuti kutsvaka pfuma kwoga kwakanga kusina kuipa. Akati chinangwa chikuru chepfuma chaiva chokubatsira vamwe. Saka, munhu paaivawo nepfuma yakawanda aibva aitawo zvakanaka zvikuru. “Nyaya youpfumi ndiyo yainyanya kuvhiringidza pfungwa dzevaPuritan,” anodaro mumwe wezvenhau dzakaitika kare Patricia O’Toole. “Kuva noupfumi kwaiva chiratidzo chokukomborerwa naMwari uye muedzo une  simba wokuita chivi chokudada . . . nezvivi zvenyama.”

Kuti pasaitwe zvivi zvaigona kukonzerwa noupfumi nemararamiro omutambarakede, Winthrop akakurudzira vanhu kuti vave nomwero uye kuti vazvidzore. Zvisinei, pasina nguva, chido chaiva nevamwe vake chokuita mari chakabva chapesana nezvaakaedza kuita kuvamanikidza kuchengeta mitemo yaMwari uye kuti vadanane. Vaisabvumirana naye vakatanga kumupikisa vachiti vaiona sokuti Winthrop akanga ava kupindira noudzvinyiriri munhau dzavo pachavo. Vamwe vakatanga kuchemera kuti pave nedare rinosarudzwa raizobatanidzwa mukuita zvisarudzo zvakadaro. Vamwe vakangosarudza kutamira kuConnecticut kuti vanozviitira zvinhu zvavo.

“Mukana, kubudirira, kugutsaruzhinji,” anodaro O’Toole, “zvose izvi zvaiva masimba aidzora zvikuru muupenyu hwevaPuritan vokuMassachusetts, uye zvose zvaiita sokuti zvaiwedzera zvido zvomunhu mumwe nomumwe zvokuti azviitire zvinhu zvake oga mukupesana nechinangwa chikuru chaWinthrop.” Muna 1649, Winthrop akafa atova pedyo nokuva murombo, ava nemakore 61. Kunyange zvazvo nyika iyi yakanga yoda kuparara yakaramba iripo pasinei nematambudziko akawanda, Winthrop haana kuzomborarama kuti aone chinangwa chake chichiitika.

Kutsvaka Kwacho Kunoenderera Mberi

Chinangwa chaiva naJohn Winthrop chokuti pave nenyika yakanaka hachina kutsakatika nokufa kwake. Mazana ezviuru zvevanhu gore negore anotama muAfrica, Southeast Asia, Eastern Europe, neLatin America, achitarisira kuwana upenyu huri nani. Vamwe vavo vanokurudzirwa nemazana emabhuku matsva, misangano yemabhizimisi, uye nzvimbo dzinobudisa mashoko pakombiyuta dzinogadzirwa gore roga roga dzinovimbisa nzira dzinoita kuti munhu akurumidze kupfuma. Zviri pachena kuti vakawanda vachiri kungotamburira kuti vawane mari, zvichida vasiri kutyora mitemo.

Kutaura zvazviri, migumisiro yacho yave ichiodza mwoyo. Vaya vari kutsvaka pfuma kazhinji kacho vanopedzisira varasa unhu hwavo uye dzimwe nguva zvavanotenda kuitira kuti vapfume. Saka, zvingava zvakakodzera kuti ubvunze kuti: “Munhu anogona kuva muKristu wechokwadi ukuwo akapfuma here? Pachazombova nevanhu vanotya Mwari vakabudirira mune zvose muupfumi uye mune zvokunamata here?” Bhaibheri rinopindura mibvunzo iyi, sezvinoratidzwa nenyaya inotevera.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Vakatipa Mifananidzo iri papeji 3]

Ngarava: The Complete Encyclopedia of Illustration/J. G. Heck; Winthrop: Brown Brothers