Zvakaita Rusaruro

“Dzinga rusaruro nepamusuo, uye ruchadzoka nepahwindo.”—Frederick Mukuru, Mambo wokuPrussia.

RAJESH anogara muPaliyad, musha womuIndia. Kungofanana navamwe vasingarangarirwi, anofanira kufamba maminitsi 15 kuenda kunocherera mhuri yake mvura. “Hatibvumirwi kuchera mvura papombi dzomumusha dzinoshandiswa nevepamusoro,” anotsanangura kudaro. Paakanga achiri pachikoro, Rajesh neshamwari dzake vaisagona kunyange kubata bhora raitambiswa nhabvu nevamwe vana. Anoti, “panzvimbo pacho taitamba nematombo.”

“Ndinofunga kuti vanhu vanondivenga, asi handizivi chikonzero nei,” anodaro Christina, mumwe ari kuyaruka wokuAsia anogara muEurope. “Zvinogumbura chaizvo,” anowedzera kudaro. “Ndinowanzoratidza manzwiro angu nokuzvitsaura pane vamwe, asi izvozvo hazvina zvazvinobatsira.”

“Ndakatanga kuona rusaruro pandakanga ndava nemakore 16,” anodaro Stanely, anobva kuWest Africa. “Vamwe vanhu vandakanga ndisingatombozivi vakanditi ndibude muguta. Vamwe vanhu vorudzi rwangu vaipisirwa dzimba. Akaundi yababa vangu yokubhangi yakavharwa. Somugumisiro, ndakatanga kuvenga rudzi rwakanga ruchitisarura.”

Rajesh, Christina, naStanley ndevamwe vevakaitirwa rusaruro, uye havasivo voga. “Mazana emamiriyoni evanhu achiri kungotambura nanhasi nemhaka yorusaruro, kutsaurwa, kuvengwa, uye kubatwa sevatorwa,” anotsangura kudaro Koichiro Matsuura, mumwe mukuru mukuru weUnited Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). “Zviito zvokubata munhu neseri kworuoko zvakadaro, zvinokonzerwa nokusaziva uye rusaruro, zvinonyandura kurwisana kwevagari vomunyika dzakawanda uye zvichiguma nokutambura kwevanhu kwakanyanya.”

Kana usina kumboitirwa rusaruro, zvingakuomera kunzwisisa kuti zvinorwadza zvikuru sei. “Vamwe vanorarama chinyararire vachisarurwa. Vamwe ndivo vanotsiva rusaruro norusaruro rwakanyanya,” rinodaro bhuku rinonzi Face to Face Against Prejudice. Munzira dzipi umo rusaruro runokuvadza upenyu?

Kana uri mumwe weboka revanhu vashoma, unogona kuona kuti vanhu vanokunyenyeredza, vanokutarisa neziso rokushora, kana kuti vanotaura zvokuderedza tsika dzako. Unogona kushaya mabasa kunze kwokuti kana uchida kuita basa repasi-pasi risingadiwi nevanhu. Pamwe zvakaoma  kuwana imba yokugara yakanaka. Vana vako vanganzwa vari voga uye vasingadiwi nevavanodzidza navo kuchikoro.

Zvakatoipa zvikuru, rusaruro runogona kuita kuti vanhu vaite zvechisimba kunyange kuponda. Chokwadi, zvakaitika kare zvakazara nemienzaniso yechisimba chinotangwa norusaruro—kusanganisira kuponda vanhu vakawanda, kuparadza rudzi uye dzinza.

Rusaruro Mukati Memazana Emakore

Pane imwe nguva vaKristu ndivo vainyanya kuitirwa rusaruro. Somuenzaniso, nguva pfupi Jesu afa, vaKristu vakangotanga kutambudzwa. (Mabasa 8:3; 9:1, 2; 26:10, 11) Pashure pemazana maviri emakore vaizviti vaKristu vakabatwa noutsinye. “Kana pakaita denda,” akanyora kudaro munyori womuzana remakore rechitatu anonzi Tertullian, “vanhu havatani kudanidzira kuti, ‘Kandirai vaKristu kuShumba.’”

Zvisinei, kutanga muzana remakore rechi11 nehondo dzechiKristudhomu, vaJudha vakava kapoka kaivengwa muEurope. Denda rebubonic parakapararira muKondinendi yose, richiuraya inenge kota yevagari vemo mumakore mashomanana, zvaiva nyore kupomera vaJudha sezvo vakanga vagara vachivengwa noruzhinji. “Denda iri rakapa vanhu chikonzero chokururamisa ruvengo rwavo, uye ruvengo rwacho rwakaita kuti vanhu vaitya denda vafunge kuti vaJudha ndivo vaiva honzeri,” anonyora kudaro Jeanette Farrell mubhuku rake rinonzi Invisible Enemies.

Pakupedzisira, mumwe murume wechiJudha aiva nechokumaodzanyemba kweFrance achitambudzwa “akareurura” kuti vaJudha ndivo vakanga vakonzera denda racho nokuisa chepfu mumatsime. Ichokwadi kuti kureurura kwake kwakanga kuri kwenhema, asi mashoko acho akaparadzirwa sechokwadi. Nenguva isipi vaJudha vose vaigara mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeSpain, France, neGermany vakaurayiwa. Kunenge kuti hapana kana akafunga nezvehonzeri chaidzo—makonzo. Uye vanhu vashomanana ndivo vakaona kuti vaJudha vaingofawo nedenda racho sezvaiita vanhu vose!

Kana rusaruro rwangotangwa, rwunogona kupfuurira kwemazana emakore. Pakati pezana remakore  rechi20, Adolf Hitler akakurudzira kuvenga vaJudha nokuvashora achiti ndivo vakakonzera kuti Germany ikundwe muHondo Yenyika I. Pakunopera kweHondo Yenyika II, Rudolf Hoess—mukuru wemauto eNazi mumusasa wevasungwa weAuschwitz—akabvuma kuti: “Kudzidziswa kwemauto edu uye zvataifunga zvakaratidza kuti taifanira kudzivirira Germany pavaJudha.” Kuti “adzivirire Germany,” Hoess akatungamirira kuparadzwa kwevanhu 2 000 000, vazhinji vacho vaiva vaJudha.

Zvinosuruvarisa kuti, sezvo makumi emakore akazopfuura, kubatwa noutsinye hakuna kupera. Somuenzaniso, muna 1994 ruvengo rwemadzinza rwakatanga muEast Africa pakati pevaTutsi nevaHutu, rwukaurayisa vanhu vanopfuura hafu yemiriyoni. “Kwakanga kusina nzvimbo dzokupotera,” yakashuma kudaro magazini inonzi Time. “Vanhu vazhinji vaiurayirwa mumachechi mavainge vatizira. . . . Kurwisana kwacho kwakanga kuri kwokubayana nokutemana kwoutsinye, kufarira kuteura ropa kwakasiya vakapukunyuka vavhiringidzika uye vasina kana neromuromo.” Kunyange vana havana kusiyiwa pachisimba chinotyisa ichi. “Rwanda inzvimbo duku-duku,” akadaro mumwe mugari wemo. “Asi ndimo mune ruvengo rwakanyanya pasi pose.”

Kurwisana kwakazotungamirira kukuparara kweyaichimbova Yugoslavia kwakakonzera kufa kwevanhu vanopfuura 200 000. Vavakidzani vakanga vambogarisana zvakanaka kwemakore, vakaurayana. Zviuru zvevakadzi zvakabatwa chibharo, uye mamiriyoni evanhu akadzingwa mumisha yawo nechisimba pasi pomutemo woutsinye wokuparadza dzinza.

Kunyange zvazvo rusaruro rukuru rusingakonzeri kuponda, runoparadzanisa vanhu uye runokurudzira pfundepfunde. Pasinei nokudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi pose, kusarurana kwemarudzi uye rusaruraganda “zvinoratidzika kuva zviri kuwedzera munzvimbo zhinji dzepasi pose,” unodaro mushumo wazvino uno weUNESCO.

Pane chingaitwa here kuti rusaruro rupere? Kuti tipindure mubvunzo uyu tinofanira kuziva kuti rusaruro runotanga sei mupfungwa nomumwoyo.

[Bhokisi riri papeji 5]

Matangiro Anoita Rusaruro

Mubhuku rake rinonzi The Nature of Prejudice, Gordon W. Allport anotaura nezvemarudzi mashanu omufambiro unokonzera rusaruro. Munhu ari kuitirwa rusaruro anowanzoratidza chimwe kana kuti zvimwe zveizvi.

1. Kutsoropodza. Munhu anotaura zvakashata nezveboka raasingafariri.

2. Kunyenyeredza. Anosema munhu wose weboka iroro.

3. Rusaruro. Anoshaisa vanhu vaanovenga mamwe mabasa, pokugara, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinonzi ndezvevanhu vose.

4. Kurwisa. Anobatanawo nevari kuita zvechisimba chinenge chichiitirwa kutyisidzira vanhu vaanovenga.

5. Kuparadza. Anopindirawo mukurakasha, kuponda vanhu vakawanda, kana kuti zvirongwa zvokuparadza.

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 4]

Musha wevapoteri weBenaco, Tanzania, May 11, 1994

Mudzimai akatsamira zvigubhu zvake zvemvura. Vapoteri vanopfuura 300 000, vazhinji vacho vari vaHutu vokuRwanda, vakayambukira kuTanzania

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Photo by Paula Bronstein/Liaison