Kodi Pedhro Akhali Papa Wakutoma?
“Nyantsembe Wankulu Waciroma Jorge Mario Bergoglio, S.J., asankhulwa ninga Papa Wankulu, nyakupitira mbuto Pedhro waci 265.”—VATICAN INFORMATION SERVICE, NZINDA WA VATIKANO, 13 YA MUROPE, 2013.
“Bispu wa ku Roma ali na ufulu wakukhala nkulu wa Gereja ya dziko yonsene, thangwi iye ndi nyakupitira mbuto Pedhro Wakucena, ule adapaswa cidzo ca ukulu na Yezu Kristu.”—THE PRIMACY OF THE BISHOP OF ROME DURING THE FIRST THREE CENTURIES, 1903, YA VINCENT ERMONI.
“Munthu onsene analonga . . . kuti Papa Waciroma nee ndi nyakupitira mbuto Nyankhombo Pedhro pa ukulu, asafunika kuoniwa ninga nyakudawa.”—NSONKHANO WAKUTOMA WA VATIKANO, 18 YA MALUWA YA 1870.
KUNA Akatolika azinji pa dziko yonsene yapantsi, ntemo udabuluswa pa Nsonkhano wakutoma wa Vatikano mu caka 1870, ndi cipfundziso ca gereja cakuti nkhabe funika kucinjwa. Mbwenye mbvundzo ndi uyu, Kodi ndi cipfundziso ca m’Malemba? Mwakuthimizira, kodi Papa Francis ndi nyakupitira mbuto wa mpostolo Pedhro? Mphapo Pedhro akhali papa wakutoma?
‘PA MWALA UYU NDINADZAMANGA GEREJA YANGA’
Ntemo wa pa Nsonkhano wa Vatikano wabulukira mu njira idabvesesa iwo lemba ya Mateo 16:16-19 na Jwau 21:15-17. Kucedza kudacita Pedhro na Yezu kunaleri ife m’malemba anewa na m’mbiri zinango za Bhibhlya, asapangiza kuti mpostolo Pedhro akhali na khundu ikulu m’mbiri ya Akristu akutoma. Na thangwi ineyi, Yezu apikira Pedhro kuti mbadakhala na makhaliro ninga a mwala mu umaso wace. (Jwau 1:42) Mphapo Kristu apasa Pedhro ukulu?
Pa Mateo 16:17, 18, tisagumana mafala awa kuna Pedhro: ‘Ndinakupanga kuti, iwe ndiwe Pedhro, ndiko kubveka mwala, pa mwala uyu ndinadzamanga gereja yanga.’ * Kodi Yezu akhalonga kuti ‘gereja,’ peno mpingo wace, mbidamangwa pana Pedhro, munthu ene? Kodi akhalonga kuti Pedhro mbadakhala nkulu wa atowereri onsene a Yezu? Kodi apostolo anango akuti akhalipo pa ndzidzi ukhacedza Yezu na Pedhro, abvesesa tani mafala anewa a Yezu? Maevanjelyu asapangiza kuti pidapita ndzidzi pakumala longa mafala anewa, maulendo mazinji anyakupfundza akhaketesana kuti mbani akhali nkulu pakati pawo. (Mateo 20:20-27; Marko 9:33-35; Luka 22:24-26) Khala Yezu akhadamala kale kupereka ukulu kuna Pedhro, iwo mbadaketesana kuti mbani nkulu pakati pawo?
Kodi Pedhro abvesesa tani mafala a Yezu? Ninga Muisraele wakukola, Pedhro panango akhadadzolowera mafala mazinji a m’maprofesiya Acihebheri analonga pya “mwala” peno ‘mwala wa pa nkhomo.’ (Izaiya 8:13, 14; 28:16; Zakariya 3:9) Mudaphatisira iye mafala a ibodzi mwa maprofesiya anewa pakulembera tsamba anyakukhulupira andzace, Pedhro afokotoza kuti ‘mwala wa pa nkhomo’ ndi Mbuya Yezu Kristu, Mesiya. Pedhro aphatisira fala Yacigerego pe’tra (fala ibodzi ene inagumanika m’mafala adalonga Yezu pa Mateo 16:18) toera kulonga pya Kristu basi.—1 Pedro 2:4-8.
Mpostolo Paulu akhali ntowereri unango wakukhulupirika wa Yezu. Kodi Paulu akhakhulupira kuti Yezu akhadapasa ukulu Pedhro? Mukulonga pya khundu ikhali na Pedhro m’mpingo wakutoma Wacikristu, Paulu alemba kuti Pedhro akhali m’bodzi wa ale “akhadziwika ninga mizati.” Kuna Paulu, akhalipo azinji akhadziwika ninga “mizati.” (Agalata 2:9, NM) Kusiyapo pyenepi, khala Pedhro akhadasankhulwa na Yezu toera kukhala ntsogoleri wa mpingo, anyakukhulupira andzace mbadalandanisa Pedhro pa lemba ineyi mukulonga kuti akhali ninga nzati?
Mudalemba iye thangwi ya njira ikhatsalakanira Pedhro anthu, Paulu mwacilemedzo pontho mwacipapo, alonga: ‘Ine ndansandika pakweca thangwi iye akhadacita pyadidi tayu.’ (Agalata 2:11-14) Paulu nee akhanyerezera kuti Kristu amanga gereja yace, peno mpingo, pa Pedhro peno kuna munthu unango onsene wakusowa ungwiro. M’mbuto mwace, iye akhulupira kuti mpingo ukhadamangwa mwa Kristu ule adautomesa. Kuna Paulu, “mwala ule ndi Kristu.”—1 Akorinto 3:9-11; 10:4.
‘IWE NDIWE PEDHRO’
Mphapo tisafunika kuabvesesa tani mafala akuti: ‘Iwe ndiwe Pedhro, pa mwala uyu ndinadzamanga gereja yanga’? Toera kubvesesa fala yakubuluswa pa mafala anango, tisafunika kuleri mafala onsene. Kodi Yezu na Pedhro akhalonga pyanji? Yezu akhadamalisa kwene kubvundza anyakupfundzace: ‘Imwembo musalonga kuti ndine ani?’ Mwakukhonda kunyinyirika, Pedhro atawira: ‘Ndimwe Kristu, Mwana wa Mulungu wamaso.’ Thangwi ya mafala anewa, Yezu asimba Pedhro mbampanga kuti iye anadzamanga ‘gereja,’ peno mpingo wace, pa Mateo 16:15-18.
“mwala” wakuwanga kakamwe, ule udakhulupira Pedhro—Yezu Kristu.—Tisafunika kuabvesesa tani mafala akuti: ‘Iwe ndiwe Pedhro, pa mwala uyu ndinadzamanga gereja yanga’?
Mwakubverana na maonero anewa, azinji “Atsogoleri a Uphemberi” alemba kuti mwala unalongwa pa Mateo 16:18 ndi Kristu. Mwacitsandzo, Augustine mu pyaka dzana yacixanu alemba: “Mbuya alonga: ‘Pa mwala uyu ndinadzamanga Gereja yanga,’ thangwi Pedhro akhadampanga kuti: ‘Ndiwe Kristu Mwana wa Mulungu wamaso.’ Natenepa ndi pa mwala unoyu, udalonga iwe unafuna ine kumanga Gereja yanga.” Augustine alonga mwakubwereza-bwereza kuti “Mwala unoyu (Petra) ukhali Kristu.”
Augustine na anango mbadaoniwa ninga anyakudawa mwakubverana na cipfundziso cauphemberi wa Katolika. Inde, mwakubverana na nyakupfundza pyauphemberi wa ku Suazilandya Ulrich Luz, maonero mazinji a nsoka wa anyakupfundza pya Bhibhlya lero pa nkhani ineyi mbadakonwa na ntemo udabuluswa pa Nsonkhano wa Vatikano udacitwa caka 1870.
KODI PAPA NDI NYAKUPITIRA MBUTO WA PEDHRO?
Cidzo cakuti “papa” mpostolo Pedhro nee akhacidziwa. Undimomwene ndi wakuti mpaka pyaka dzana yacipfemba, anthu azinji akuti nee ndi abispu Aciroma akhaphatisira cidzo ceneci kuna iwo ene. Ngakhale tenepa, fala ineyi nee ikhaphatisirwa ninga yakupangiza cidzo mpaka pyaka dzana khumi na ibodzi. Kusiyapo pyenepi, nee Nkristu m’bodzi wakutoma akhanyerezera kuti ukulu unanyerezera anthu kuti wapaswa Pedhro ukhadasiyirwa munthu unango ninga nyakumpitira mbuto. Natenepa, nyakulemba wa ku Alemanya Martin Hengel amalisa mukulonga kuti “nkhabepo mbiri peno cikhulupiro pinapangiza kuti mukupita kwa ndzidzi cadzakhala cidzo cinadziwika cincino ninga ‘ukulu’ wa papa.”
Pakumalisira: Kodi Pedhro akhali papa wakutoma? Kodi iye akhali na nyakumpitira mbuto? Cikhulupiro cauphemberi wa Katolika ca ukulu wa papa ndi ca m’Malemba? Ntawiro wa mibvundzo iyi yonsene ndi wakuti nkhabe. Kusiyapo pyenepi undimomwene ndi wakuti mwakukhonda penula Yezu amanga gereja yace, mpingo wace wandimomwene, pa iye ene. (Aefesi 2:20) Natenepa, mbvundzo wakufunika kuna m’bodzi na m’bodzi wa ife ndi uyu, Kodi ndaugumana uphemberi wandimomwene?
^ ndima 8 Mafala akubuluswa m’Bhibhlya mu nsolo uno akwatwa m’Bhibhlya ya Katolika ya BIBLYA CHISENA.