Ese wari ubizi?

Ese indwara y’ibibembe ivugwa muri Bibiliya ni kimwe n’iyo muri iki gihe?

Ijambo “ibibembe” rikoreshwa n’abaganga muri iki gihe, ryerekeza ku ndwara ifata abantu, iterwa na mikorobe. Iyo mikorobe itera ibibembe (Mycobacterium leprae) yavumbuwe na Dogiteri  G.A. Hansen, mu mwaka wa 1873. Abashakashatsi bagaragaje ko iyo mikorobe ishobora gukomeza kubaho itari mu mubiri, ikamara iminsi icyenda iri mu bimyira. Nanone, babonye ko abantu bakunze kuba bari hafi y’abarwayi b’ibibembe, bashobora kwandura iyo ndwara mu buryo bworoshye. Banabonye ko imyenda y’abantu barwaye ibibembe na yo ishobora kwanduza. Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima ryagaragaje ko mu mwaka wa 2007, abarwayi b’ibibembe biyongereyeho abarenga 220.000.

Nta gushidikanya ko kera abantu bo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati barwaraga ibibembe, kandi Amategeko ya Mose yasabaga ko umuntu wabaga arwaye ibibembe ahabwa akato (Abalewi 13:4, 5). Icyakora, ijambo ry’Igiheburayo tsa·raʹʽath ryahinduwemo “ibibembe” ntiryerekezaga gusa ku muntu urwaye ibibembe. Ijambo Tsa·raʹʽath ryerekezaga no ku bibembe byafataga imyenda ndetse n’amazu. Ibyo bibembe byashoboraga kuboneka ku myenda ikozwe mu bwoya cyangwa mu budodo, cyangwa ku kintu cyose gikozwe mu ruhu. Hari igihe bamesaga iyo myenda ibyo bibembe bikavaho, ariko iyo umuze wabaga ‘wenda kwirabura nk’icyatsi kibisi cyangwa ari urusisirane,’ wangaga kuvaho. Icyo gihe uwo mwenda cyangwa urwo ruhu byagombaga gutwikwa (Abalewi 13:47-52). Inzu ifite uwo muze yabaga ifite inkuta ‘zipfumaguritsemo utuyira twikorogoshoye twenda kwirabura nk’ibyatsi bibisi cyangwa tw’urususirane.’ Amabuye n’ingwa byabaga byarafashwe n’uwo muze, byakurwagaho bigatabwa kure y’aho abantu babaga batuye. Iyo ibyo bibembe byongeraga gufata iyo nzu, yarasenywaga, n’ibikoresho byose biyirimo bigatabwa (Abalewi 14:33-45). Hari abavuga ko ibibembe byafataga imyenda cyangwa amazu bishobora kuba ari byo muri iki gihe bita uruhumbu cyangwa urubobi. Ariko ibyo nta wabyemeza.

Kuki ibyo intumwa Pawulo yabwirije muri Efeso byatumye havuka akaduruvayo mu bacuzi b’ifeza?

Abacuzi b’ifeza bo muri Efeso bari barakijijwe no gukora “udushusho tw’urusengero rwa Arutemi.” Arutemi yari imanakazi yarindaga umugi wa Efeso, ikaba imanakazi y’umuhigo, uburumbuke no kororoka (Ibyakozwe 19:24). Abayoboke bayo bavugaga ko ishusho yayo yamanutse “ivuye mu ijuru,” kandi yabaga mu rusengero rwa Arutemi rwari muri Efeso (Ibyakozwe 19:35). Urwo rusengero rwari ku rutonde rw’ibintu birindwi bitangaje byari mu isi icyo gihe. Buri mwaka, mu mezi ya Werurwe na Mata, abantu baturutse imihanda yose bazaga mu mugi wa Efeso, baje mu minsi mikuru yo kuramya Arutemi. Kubera ko abantu basuraga urwo rusengero ari benshi, baguraga ibintu byinshi byakoreshwaga mu gusenga, bakabijyana ho urwibutso, impigi, amaturo y’iyo manakazi, cyangwa se bakabijyana bagamije kuzabikoresha basenga mu gihe bari kuba basubiye mu miryango yabo. Inyandiko za kera zabonetse muri Efeso, zivuga iby’amashusho ya Arutemi akozwe mu izahabu no mu ifeza. Hari n’izindi nyandiko zigaragaza izina ry’uruganda rwacuraga ifeza.

Pawulo yigishaga ko ibishushanyo ‘byakozwe n’amaboko atari imana’ (Ibyakozwe 19:26). Kubera iyo mpamvu, abacuzi b’ifeza babonye ko ibyo Pawulo yigishaga byari kububikira imbehe, boshya rubanda ngo bamwamaganire kure. Umucuzi w’ifeza witwaga Demetiriyo yagaragaje impungenge bari bafite agira ati “hari akaga ko kuba uyu mwuga wacu atari wo wazata agaciro wonyine, ahubwo n’urusengero rw’imanakazi ikomeye Arutemi na rwo ruzabonwa ko nta cyo ruvuze, kandi icyubahiro cyarwo abatuye mu ntara ya Aziya yose no mu isi yose basenga, kizahindurwa ubusa.”—Ibyakozwe 19:27.