Abamaya babonye umudendezo nyakuri

ABAMAYA barazwi cyane kubera ibintu bihambaye bagezeho. Buri mwaka ba mukerarugendo babarirwa mu bihumbi bajya ku Mwigimbakirwa wa Yucatán ho muri Megizike, kugira ngo bihere ijisho piramide z’akataraboneka, urugero nk’iziri i Chichén Itzá n’i Cobá. Icyatumye Abamaya bamenyekana, si uko bari abahanga mu by’ubwubatsi gusa, ahubwo banageze ku bintu byinshi mu birebana n’imyandikire, imibare n’ubumenyi bw’ikirere. Bahimbye uburyo buhambaye bwo kwandika, muri ubwo buryo bakaba bakoresha amashusho aho gukoresha inyuguti. Ikindi bahimbye ni zeru, ndetse na kalendari y’umwaka w’iminsi 365. Iyo kalendari bayikosoyeho ibintu bimeze nk’ibyakosowe kuri kalendari y’umwaka w’iminsi 366.

Icyakora, ku birebana n’idini ho si ko bimeze. Abamaya basengaga imana nyinshi. Muri izo mana basengaga twavuga nk’iy’izuba, iy’ukwezi, iy’imvura n’iy’ibigori. Abatambyi babo bari abahanga mu kuraguza inyenyeri. Uburyo bwabo bwo gusenga bwabaga bukubiyemo gukoresha imibavu n’amashusho, kwikomeretsa, kumena amaraso no gutamba abantu. By’umwihariko bakundaga gutamba imfungwa, abacakara n’abana.

Umwaduko w’Abesipanyoli

Igihe Abesipanyoli bageraga mu gace k’Abamaya mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya 16, basanze Abamaya bafite umuco urangwa n’ibintu byinshi cyane. Abo Besipanyoli bagendaga bigarurira ibihugu bari bafite intego ebyiri: kwigarurira icyo gihugu n’ubukungu bwacyo, hamwe no guhindura Abamaya bagacika ku ngeso mbi za gipagani, bakaba Abagatolika. Ese kuba Abesipanyoli barigaruriye ako gace, byatumye Abamaya bagira umudendezo nyakuri mu by’idini cyangwa mu bundi buryo?

Abesipanyoli, hakubiyemo n’abayobozi ba Kiliziya Gatolika, bigaruriye ubutaka Abamaya bari bamaze igihe kirekire bahinga mu buryo bwabo bwa gakondo. Iyo bajyaga guhinga, batemaga ishyamba, bagatwika igiteme, hanyuma bagatera imbuto. Kwambura Abamaya amasambu yabo byatumye havuka ingorane nyinshi n’ubushyamirane bukaze. Nanone abo bakoloni bigaruriye amariba maremare yaho, kandi ari yo yonyine abaturage bo ku Mwigimbakirwa wa Yucatán bavomagaho. Ibintu byarushijeho kuzamba igihe kiliziya yategekaga ko buri mugabo w’Umumaya atanga amaturo ahwanye n’amareyali * 12 1/2 buri  mwaka, naho umugore agatanga 9. Ubwo kandi ayo maturo yari aje yiyongera ku musoro wa leta, na wo wari usanzwe utoroheye abaturage. Abesipanyoli bari bafite ibikingi buririye kuri iyo mimerere, bakajya bishyurira Abamaya ayo maturo, hanyuma bakabahatira kubakorera kugeza igihe barangirije kwishyura uwo mwenda. Ibyo rero byatumye Abamaya bahinduka abacakara.

Nanone kandi, abapadiri bacaga Abamaya amafaranga kugira ngo bagire umuhango w’idini babakorera, urugero nko kubatizwa, gusezerana no guhamba. Kuba kiliziya yarambuye Abamaya amasambu yabo, ikabaca amafaranga y’amaturo hamwe n’ayo kugira ikindi kintu cyose ibakorera, byatumye yigwizaho ubutunzi ibuvanye mu mitsi y’Abamaya. Abesipanyoli babonaga ko abo baturage muri kamere yabo bari injiji zigendera ku miziririzo. Kubera iyo mpamvu, abayobozi ba kiliziya hamwe n’abandi bategetsi bumvaga ko bagombaga gukubita Abamaya, kugira ngo babakuremo agasuzuguro n’iyo miziririzo.

Intambara ishingiye ku nzego z’imibereho

Kugira ngo Abamaya bihimure, babanje kwanga gutanga amafaranga y’amaturo, bakura abana babo mu mashuri ya kiliziya, bareka kujya mu mashuri yigisha gatigisimu, kandi banga gukora mu mirima y’abo bakoloni. Ariko ibyo nta kindi byabamariye uretse gutuma barushaho kugirirwa nabi. Nyuma y’imyaka igera kuri 300 Abesipanyoli bica bagakiza, mu mwaka 1847 Abamaya babonye ko batari gushobora gukomeza kubyihanganira. Ubwo ni bwo bahagurutse barwanya abo bitaga abazungu, haba intambara yiswe Intambara ishingiye ku nzego z’imibereho.

Abayobozi b’abaturage bari bigometse bakoreshaga icyo bitaga Umusaraba Uvuga. Umuhanga mu kuvuga atanyeganyeza iminwa yakoreshaga uwo musaraba abwira Abamaya ko bagombaga kurwana kugeza ku Mumaya wa nyuma, Abamaya bo bakagira ngo ni uwo musaraba ubivuze. Iyo ntambara yari igiye gutsemba Abamaya. Yarangiye mu mwaka wa 1853, hamaze gupfa 40 ku ijana by’Abamaya bari batuye muri Yucatán. Ariko kandi, Abamaya n’abazungu bakomeje gushyamirana bimara indi myaka 55. Amaherezo Abamaya baje kwigobotora ingoyi y’Abesipanyoli, maze basaranganya amasambu nta wuryamiye undi. Ariko se baba barabonye umudendezo mu rwego rw’idini?

Nta mudendezo bari bafite

Ari imyizerere gatolika yazanywe n’Abesipanyoli, ari Intambara Ishingiye ku Nzego z’Imibereho, nta na kimwe muri ibyo cyatumye Abamaya bagira umudendezo nyakuri. Muri iki gihe, aho hantu hari idini ririmo imyizerere y’uruvange, ikubiyemo imigenzo gakondo Abamaya bari bafite mbere y’umwaduko w’Abesipanyoli, hamwe n’imigenzo ya Kiliziya Gatolika y’i Roma.

Hari igitabo cyavuze iby’Abamaya bo muri iki gihe kigira kiti “Abamaya basengera imana zabo za kera z’ibyaremwe hamwe n’abakurambere babo mu mirima, mu buvumo no mu misozi, . . . ari na ko basengera abatagatifu mu kiliziya” (The Mayas—3000 Years of Civilization). Iyo ni yo mpamvu usanga bavuga ko imana yitwa Quetzalcoatl cyangwa Kukulcán ihwanye na Yesu, naho imanakazi y’ukwezi igahwana na Bikira Mariya. Ikindi kandi, Abamaya baretse gusenga igiti kinini bavugaga ko ari icyera, maze bagisimbuza umusaraba. Na n’ubu usanga abantu bashinga umusaraba bakawusukira amazi nk’abuhira igiti kibisi. Aho kugira ngo Abamaya batunge amashusho ya Yesu, bafata imisaraba bakayitakaho indabyo za cya giti kinini basenga.

Barashyize babona umudendezo!

Mu myaka ishize, Abahamya ba Yehova benshi bo muri Megizike bashyizeho gahunda yo kwigisha Bibiliya Abamaya. Abo Bamaya bahawe inyandiko zishingiye kuri Bibiliya zanditswe mu rurimi rwabo kavukire, urugero nk’iyi gazeti y’Umunara w’Umurinzi, kugira ngo zibafashe gusobanukirwa umugambi Imana ifitiye abantu. Iyo mihati yabo yageze ku ki? Igihe iyi nkuru yandikwaga, mu karere gatuwe n’Abamaya hari ababwiriza b’ubutumwa bwiza b’Ubwami bagera ku 6.600 bavuga Ikimaya, bari mu matorero 241 y’Abahamya ba Yehova. Ese Abamaya byaraboroheye kureka imyizerere gakondo yabo kugira ngo bakire ukuri ko muri Bibiliya?

 Abamaya benshi b’imitima itaryarya byabasabye kurwana intambara. Marcelino n’umugore we Margarita bari Abagatolika bagira ishyaka. Buri mwaka bahaga umusaraba icyubahiro bawuvana ku kiliziya bakawujyana iwabo, bagatura ibitambo by’amatungo, barangiza bakabisangira n’incuti na bene wabo. Nyuma yaho Abahamya ba Yehova baje kubasura, maze batangira kwigana na bo Bibiliya. Marcelino n’umugore we baravuze bati “twiboneye ko ibyo twigaga byari ukuri, ariko tukibwira tuti ‘nitureka imyizerere yacu ya mbere, imyuka mibi izatugirira nabi.’” Ariko nubwo batekerezaga batyo, bakomeje kwiga Bibiliya. Marcelino yaravuze ati “buhoro buhoro, ukuri ko muri Bibiliya kwagiye kuducengera. Ibyo byatumye tugira ubutwari bwo kubwira imiryango yacu n’incuti zacu ibyo twari twarize muri Bibiliya. Ubu twishimira ko twaretse imyizerere ishingiye ku miziririzo yari yaratubase. Gusa tubabazwa n’uko tutahise dutangira. Kubera ko tutamenye Yehova hakiri kare, twifuza gukora uko dushoboye kose kugira ngo tubwire abandi ibihereranye n’ukuri guhebuje ko muri Bibiliya.”

Alfonso ufite imyaka 73, yahoze ari Umugatolika ugira ishyaka. Mu mugi atuyemo, buri gihe yateguraga iminsi mikuru y’idini yabaga irimo za Misa, kubyina, kandi abari aho bose bagahabwa ibyokurya n’ibyokunywa. Habaga hanateganyijwe imikino yo kurwana n’ibimasa. Alfonso yaravuze ati “byari bisanzwe ko ibyo birori bisozwa n’imirwano y’abasinzi. Nubwo nashimishwaga n’iyo minsi mikuru, numvaga hari ikintu idini ryanjye ribura.” Igihe Abahamya ba Yehova bamubwirizaga, yemeye kwiga Bibiliya. Nubwo yakundaga kurwaragurika, yatangiye kujya mu materaniro ku Nzu y’Ubwami. Ubu yaciye ukubiri n’imigenzo yo mu idini yahozemo, kandi akoresha igihe cye neza abwira abaje kumusura bose ibyo yamenye kuri Yehova.

Abo ni bake mu Bamaya benshi b’imitima itaryarya babonye umudendezo nyakuri wo mu rwego rw’idini. Mu by’ukuri, abantu bakomotse ku bubatsi ba za piramide z’akataraboneka z’i Yucatán, baracyariho. Baracyavuga ururimi rwa ba sekuruza babo. Abenshi babaho nk’uko ba sekuruza babo babagaho. Batuye mu mazu y’ibyondo ashakaje ibibabi by’imikindo. Bahinga ibigori n’ipamba babanje gutema ishyamba, hanyuma bagatwika igiteme. Muri iki gihe, ukuri ko mu Ijambo ry’Imana kwabatuye Abamaya benshi ku binyoma by’amadini no ku miziririzo yari yarababase. Bishimira byimazeyo amagambo y’ingenzi Yesu yavuze agira ati “muzamenya ukuri, kandi ukuri ni ko kuzababatura.”—Yohana 8:32.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

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(Niba wifuza kureba uko bimeze, reba mu Munara w’Umurinzi)

Akarere kari gatuwe n’Abamaya

Ikigobe cya Megizike

MEGIZIKE

Umwigimbakirwa wa Yucatán

Chichén Itzá

Cobá

BELIZE

GWATEMALA

HONDURASI

EL SALVADOR

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 13]

Amatongo y’Abamaya ari i Chichén Itzá

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Marcelino n’umugore we Margarita babwiriza ubutumwa bwiza muri Yucatán