Kashe ‘ya Yukali’

MU KINYEJANA cya karindwi Mbere ya Yesu, Nebukadinezari wari umutware w’Abakaludaya yigaruriye Yerusalemu, atwika uwo murwa kandi asenya inkike zawo. Yafashe mpiri Sedekiya, umwami w’u Buyuda, maze amunogoramo amaso. Byongeye kandi, ‘umwami w’i Babuloni yishe n’imfura zose z’i Buyuda.’—Yeremiya 39:1-8.

Umwe mu mfura z’i Buyuda cyangwa igikomangoma Abanyababuloni bashobora kuba barishe, ni Yukali mwene Shelemiya. Hari ibindi bintu biherutse kongerwa ku nkuru ivuga ibya Yukali. Icyakora, mbere y’uko tureba ibyo ari byo, nimucyo dusuzume icyo Ibyanditswe bivuga ku bihereranye na Yukali n’igihe cye.

“Ntibazakubasha”

Yehova yahaye umuhanuzi Yeremiya inshingano yo kugeza ku bari batuye i Buyuda n’i Yerusalemu ubutumwa bw’urubanza yari yarabaciriye. Imana yabwiye Yeremiya ko abami b’i Buyuda, ibikomangoma, abatambyi n’abaturage bari ‘kumurwanya.’ Ariko Yehova yaramubwiye ati “ntibazakubasha kuko ndi kumwe nawe.”—Yeremiya 1:17-19.

Igihe Abanyababuloni bari bagose Yerusalemu, umurwa mukuru w’u Buyuda, Umwami Sedekiya yohereje intumwa kwa Yeremiya incuro ebyiri, kugira ngo zimubaze niba Nebukadinezari azareka kugota uwo murwa, kandi ngo zimusabe kubasabira ngo areke gukomeza kuwugota. Umwe mu ntumwa z’umwami yari Yukali, nanone witwaga Yehukali. Imana yari yarahaye Yeremiya ubutumwa buvuga ko Abanyababuloni cyangwa Abakaludaya bari gusenya uwo murwa. Umuturage wese w’i Yerusalemu wari gusigara muri uwo murwa yari kwicwa n’inzara, ibyorezo by’indwara n’inkota. Ku rundi ruhande, abari guhungira ku Bakaludaya bari kurokoka. Mbega ukuntu amagambo ya Yeremiya yarakaje ibikomangoma by’i Buyuda!—Yeremiya 21:1-10; 37:3-10; 38:1-3.

Yukali yari umwe mu bikomangoma byateye Sedekiya inkunga igira iti ‘turagusaba ngo uyu muntu [Yeremiya] yicwe, kuko aca ingabo intege.’ Uwo muntu mubi Yukali yari no mu bantu bajugunye Yeremiya mu cyobo cyarimo ibyondo, aho yaje kurokokera (Yeremiya 37:15; 38:4-6). Kubera ko Yeremiya yumviraga Yehova, igihe Yerusalemu yasenywaga yararokotse, ariko birashoboka ko Yukali yaba yarapfuye igihe ubutegetsi yiringiraga bwahirikwaga.

Ibintu bishishikaje byongewe ku nkuru ivuga ibya Yukali

Abantu bavuga ko ibintu byongewe ku nkuru ivuga ibya Yukali “byandikiwe” i Yerusalemu vuba aha cyane mu mwaka wa 2005. Hari abahanga mu bushakashatsi bw’ibyataburuwe mu matongo bacukuraga aho bari bizeye kubona ibisigazwa by’ingoro y’Umwami Dawidi, maze babona ikintu kinini kimeze nk’igice cy’urukuta rwubakishije amabuye batekereza ko rwaba rwarasenywe  igihe Abanyababuloni bafataga Yerusalemu mu gihe cya Yeremiya.

Niba iyo yari ingoro ya Dawidi cyangwa atari yo, nta wubizi. Icyakora, hari ikintu abahanga mu bushakashatsi bw’ibyataburuwe mu matongo babonye barakimenya: ni akantu gakozwe mu ibumba gateyeho kashe, gafite ubugari bwa santimetero imwe, kagaragajwe ku ipaji ya 14. Kari gafungiye ku nyandiko yari yarashaje kera. Hari handitseho ngo “ni iya Yehukali mwene Shelemiyahu mwene Shovi.” Uko bigaragara, ayo magambo yari yarashyirishijweho ikashe y’umuntu warwanyaga Yeremiya witwaga Yehukali cyangwa Yukali, mwene Shelemiya.

Umuhanga mu bushakashatsi bw’ibyataburuwe mu matongo witwa Eilat Mazar wabashije gusoma iyo nyandiko, yanditse avuga ko Yehukali yari “umutware wa kabiri” kuri Gemariya mwene Shafani, kandi izina rya Yehukali ryabonetse kuri kashe yavumbuwe mu Murwa wa Dawidi. *

Kwizera Ijambo ry’Imana ntibishingira ku bihangano bigenda bivumburwa, ahubwo impamvu y’ingenzi yo kwizera Bibiliya ni uko ubuhanuzi bwahumetswe busohora. Ibintu byabayeho mu mateka bihamya ko ibyo Yeremiya yahanuye ku birebana n’irimbuka rya Yerusalemu byari ukuri. Iherezo ry’urukozasoni ry’abantu barwanyaga Yeremiya ryagombye gutuma turushaho kwizera ko niba turi indahemuka nka Yeremiya, abanzi bacu ‘batazatubasha kuko [Yehova] ari kumwe natwe.’

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 15]

Ibikangisho ntibyigeze bituma Yeremiya agoreka ubutumwa Imana yamuhaye

[Aho ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 14 yavuye]

Gabi Laron/Institute of Archaeology/​Hebrew University ©Eilat Mazar