AKAGA KARI KAYUGARIJE: Akaga kari kugarije Bibiliya, urugero nko kwangirika cyangwa kurwanywa nta cyo byayitwaye. Icyakora hari abandukuzi bamwe n’abayihinduye mu zindi ndimi bagerageje kugoreka ubutumwa bwayo. Batsimbaraye ku nyigisho zabo, aho kwigisha ibyo Bibiliya ivuga. Reka turebe uko byagenze:

• Aho gusengera: Hagati y’ikinyejana cya kane n’icya kabiri Mbere ya Yesu, abanditsi ba Pantateki ya Gisamariya, hari amagambo bongeye mu murongo wo mu Kuva 20:17, avuga ngo “muri Gerizimu, ni ho uzubaka igicaniro.” Abasamariya bifuzaga ko uwo murongo w’Ibyanditswe wazabafasha kumvikanisha igikorwa cyo kuba barubatse urusengero ku musozi wa Gerizimu.

• Inyigisho y’Ubutatu: Nyuma y’imyaka itageze kuri 300 Bibiliya yanditswe, umwanditsi washyigikiraga inyigisho y’Ubutatu yongereye amagambo muri 1 Yohana 5:7, agira ati “ mu ijuru haba Data, Jambo n’Umwuka Wera kandi bose ni umwe.” Ayo magambo ntaboneka mu mwandiko w’umwimerere. Umuhanga mu bya Bibiliya witwa Bruce Metzger yaranditse ati “kuva mu kinyejana cya gatandatu gukomeza,” ayo magambo “yakundaga kugaragara mu nyandiko zandikishijwe intoki z’ikilatini cya kera no muri Bibiliya y’ikilatini ya Vulgate.”

• Izina ry’Imana: Abenshi mu bahinduzi ba Bibiliya bafashe umwanzuro wo kuvana izina ry’Imana mu Byanditswe, bagendeye ku migenzo y’Abayahudi. Iryo zina ry’Imana barishimbuje amazina y’icyubahiro urugero nk’“Imana” cyangwa “Umwami;” ayo ni amazina yo muri Bibiliya yerekeza ku Muremyi ariko ashobora no kwerekezwa ku bantu, ku bintu bisengwa no kuri Satani.—Yohana 10:34, 35; 1 Abakorinto 8:5, 6; 2 Abakorinto 4:4. *

UKO BIBILIYA YAROKOTSE: Icya mbere, nubwo hari abandukuye Bibiliya batagiraga icyo bitaho cyangwa bakayigoreka, hari abandi benshi bayandukuye babigiranye ubuhanga kandi babyitondeye. Abamasoreti bandukuye Ibyanditswe by’igiheburayo hagati y’ikinyejana  cya gatandatu n’icya cumi, bakora umwandiko w’Abamasoreti. Babaraga amagambo n’inyuguti kugira ngo barebe ko nta kosa na rimwe ryabacitse. Aho bakekaga ko hari amakosa mu mwandiko w’ibanze bakoreshaga, babyandikaga mu mukika. Banze kugoreka ubutumwa bwo muri Bibiliya. Hari umuhanga witwa Moshe Goshen-Gottstein wagize ati “bumvaga ko kugoreka uwo mwandiko ari icyaha gikomeye.”

Icya kabiri, inyandiko nyinshi zandikishijwe intoki ziriho muri iki gihe, zifasha abahanga mu bya Bibiliya kumenya amakosa yakozwe. Urugero, abayobozi b’amadini bamaze ibinyejana byinshi bigisha abayoboke babo ko Bibiliya bafite zo mu kilatini zirimo umwandiko uhuje n’ukuri. Igitangaje ariko, ni uko muri 1 Yohana 5:7 bongeyemo ikosa twigeze kuvuga muri iyi ngingo. Iryo kosa ryaje no kugera muri Bibiliya ikundwa cyane yitwa King James Version. Ariko se byagenze bite igihe havumburwaga izindi nyandiko zandikishijwe intoki? Bruce Metzger yaranditse ati “ayo magambo [1 Yohana 5:7] ntaboneka mu nyandiko za kera zandikishijwe intoki (inyandiko y’igisiriyake, igikobute, icyarumeniya, ikinyetiyopiya, icyarabu, n’iy’igisilave), uretse mu kilatini gusa.” Amaherezo Bibiliya ya King James Version n’izindi Bibiliya zaravuguruwe, ayo makosa akurwamo.

Ese kuba hariho inyandiko za kera za Bibiliya zandikishijwe intoki bishatse kuvuga ko Bibiliya dufite ubu zitarimo amakosa? Igihe abahanga mu bya Bibiliya bavumburaga imizingo ya Bibiliya yo ku Nyanja y’Umunyu mu mwaka wa 1947, ni bwo bagereranyije umwandiko w’Igiheburayo wanditswe n’Abamasoreti n’uwari umaze imyaka isaga igihumbi wanditswe mu mizingo ya Bibiliya. Umwe mu bakoze ubushakashatsi kuri iyo mizingo yo ku Nyanja y’Umunyu, yavuze ko uramutse ufashe umuzingo umwe muri iyo “wabona gihamya idashidikanywaho y’uko umwandiko wa Bibiliya wagiye uhererekanywa n’abandukuzi b’Abayahudi mu buryo bwitondewe, mu gihe cy’imyaka irenga igihumbi.”

Inzu y’ibitabo yitiriwe Chester Beatty iri i Dublin muri Irilande, yakusanyirijwemo inyandiko zose zanditse ku mfunzo zirimo ibintu hafi ya byose byo mu bitabo by’Ibyanditswe by’ikigiriki bya gikristo, hakubiyemo n’inyandiko zandikishijwe intoki zo mu kinyejana cya kabiri, zanditswe hashize imyaka 100 Bibiliya irangije kwandikwa. Hari igitabo gisobanura Bibiliya cyagize kiti “nubwo inyandiko zanditse ku mpapuro zikozwe mu mfunzo zari zikubiyemo andi makuru arambuye ku bihereranye n’umwandiko wa Bibiliya, zinagaragaza ko umwandiko wa Bibiliya wagiye uhererekanywa mu buryo bwitondewe.”—The Anchor Bible Dictionary.

BIBILIYA YARATSINZE: Aho kugira ngo inyandiko nyinshi za kera zandikishijwe intoki zitume umwandiko wa Bibiliya utumvikana, zatumye urushaho gusobanuka. Hari umuhanga mu gusesengura inyandiko z’Ibyanditswe by’ikigiriki bya gikristo witwa Frederic Kenyon wagize ati “nta gitabo na kimwe cya kera gifite ibintu byinshi nk’ibyo, bigaragaza ko umwandiko wacyo uhuje n’ukuri kandi n’intiti zishyira mu gaciro, zemeza ko uwo mwandiko uhuje n’ukuri.” Hari undi muhanga mu gusesengura inyandiko z’igiheburayo witwa William Henry Green wagize ati “ndemeza ko icyo ari cyo gitabo cyonyine cya kera cyagiye gihererekanywa ariko ubutumwa bwacyo ntibuhinduke.”