Kodi Tora N’chiyani?

YAMBANI

Yankho la m’Baibulo

Mawu oti “Tora” anachokera ku mawu a Chiheberi oti toh·rahʹ, omwe akhoza kumasuliridwa kuti “malangizo,” “chiphunzitso,” kapena “lamulo.” a (Miyambo 1:8; 3:1; 28:4) Zitsanzo zotsatirazi zikusonyeza mmene mawu Achiheberiwa amagwiritsidwira ntchito m’Baibulo.

Nthawi zambiri Tora amaimira mabuku 5 oyambirira a m’Baibulo, omwe ndi Genesis, Ekisodo, Levitiko, Numeri, ndi Deuteronomo. Mabuku amenewa amadziwikanso kuti Pentatuke, omwe ndi mawu a Chigiriki otanthauza “mavoliyumu 5.” Mabuku a Tora analembedwa ndi Mose, choncho amatchedwa kuti buku “la chilamulo cha Mose.” (Yoswa 8:31; Nehemiya 8:1) Zikuoneka kuti poyambapo linali buku limodzi koma kenako linagawidwa n’cholinga choti lisamavute kugwiritsa ntchito.
Mawu oti Tora amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ponena za malamulo omwe anaperekedwa kwa mtundu wa Isiraeli pankhani zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, “Lamulo [tora] la nsembe yamachimo,” “lamulo lokhudza nthenda yakhate,” komanso “lamulo lokhudza Mnaziri.”—Levitiko 6:25; 14:57; Numeri 6:13.
Nthawi zina mawu oti Tora amatanthauza malangizo komanso chiphunzitso kaya zochokera kwa makolo, anthu anzeru, kapena Mulungu.—Miyambo 1:8; 3:1; 13:14; Yesaya 2:3.

Kodi mu Tora kapena kuti Pentatuke muli chiyani?

Muli mbiri ya zimene Mulungu anakhala akuchita kuyambira pamene anayamba kulenga zinthu mpaka pamene Mose anamwalira.—Genesis 1:27, 28; Deuteronomo 34:5.
Muli malamulo a m’Chilamulo cha Mose. (Ekisodo 24:3) Chilamulo chimenechi chili ndi malamulo oposa 600. Lamulo lodziwika bwino ndi lotchedwa Shema. Mbali imodzi ya Shema imanena kuti: “Uzikonda Yehova Mulungu wako ndi mtima wako wonse, moyo wako wonse, ndi mphamvu zako zonse” (Deuteronomo 6:4-9) Yesu ananena kuti “limeneli ndilo lamulo lalikulu kwambiri komanso loyamba.”—Mateyu 22:36-38.
Muli dzina lakuti Yehova lomwe limapezeka nthawi 1,800. M’malo moletsa anthu kugwiritsa ntchito dzina la Mulungu, mu Tora muli malamulo omwe ankalimbikitsa anthu a Mulungu kuti azitchula dzinali.—Numeri 6:22-27; Deuteronomo 6:13; 10:8; 21:5.

Maganizo olakwika okhudza Tora

Maganizo olakwika: Malamulo a mu Tora ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka kalekale ndipo sayenera kunyalanyazidwa.

Zoona zake: Ma Baibulo ena amanena kuti malamulo ena opezeka mu Tora, monga malamulo okhudza Sabata, unsembe, komanso Tsiku la Mwambo Wophimba Machimo, ndi malamulo omwe “sangasinthe” komanso ndi “opanda malire.” (Ekisodo 31:16; 40:15; Levitiko 16:33, 34, King James Version) Komabe, mawu a Chiheberi amene anagwiritsidwa ntchito m’mavesi amenewa angatanthauzenso kuti malamulowo adzasiya kugwira ntchito nthawi ina yake m’tsogolo, osati adzagwira ntchito mpaka kalekale. b Pangano la Chilamulo cha Mose litagwira ntchito kwa zaka pafupifupi 900, Mulungu ananeneratu kuti panganoli lidzalowedwa m’malo ndi “pangano latsopano.” (Yeremiya 31:31-33) “Ponena kuti ‘pangano latsopano,’ [Mulungu] wapanga loyambalo kukhala lotha ntchito.” (Aheberi 8:7-13) Pangano loyambalo linasiya kugwira ntchito zaka pafupifupi 2,000 zapitazo kudzera mu imfa ya Yesu Khristu.—Aefeso 2:15.

Maganizo olakwika: Miyambo yongofotokozedwa pakamwa ya Ayuda komanso Talmud, ndi yofanana ndi mfundo zolembedwa mu Tora.

Zoona zake: Palibe umboni wa m’Malemba wosonyeza kuti Mulungu anapatsa Mose malamulo ena apakamwa kuwonjezera pa zomwe zinalembedwa mu Tora. M’malomwake, Baibulo limati: “Pamenepo Yehova anauza Mose kuti: ‘Dzilembere mawuwa.’” (Ekisodo 34:27) Malamulo ongofotokozedwa pakamwa, omwe kenako analembedwa n’kuyamba kudziwika kuti Mishnah, ndipo kenako anakhala Talmud, ali ndi miyambo ya Ayuda yomwe anaiyambitsa ndi Afarisi. Miyambo imeneyi nthawi zambiri inkatsutsana ndi zimene zili mu Tora. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, Yesu anauza Afarisi kuti “Mwasandutsa mawu a Mulungu kukhala opanda pake chifukwa cha miyambo yanu.”—Mateyu 15:1-9.

Maganizo olakwika: Akazi sayenera kuphunzitsidwa Tora.

Zoona zake: Chilamulo cha Mose chinali ndi lamulo loti Chilamulo chonse chiziwerengedwa kwa Aisiraeli onse, kuphatikizapo akazi ndi ana. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa chakuti ‘anayenera kuopa Yehova Mulungu [wawo] ndi kutsatira mosamala mawu onse a m’chilamulo.’—Deuteronomo 31:10-12. c

Maganizo olakwika: Mu Tora muli mauthenga achinsinsi.

Zoona zake: Mose, yemwe analemba Tora, ananena kuti uthenga wa mu Tora ndi womveka bwino komanso wina aliyense akhoza kuupeza ndipo si wachinsinsi. (Deuteronomo 30:11-14) Maganizo oti mu Tora muli mauthenga a chinsinsi anachokera mu Kabbalah, kapena kuti chikhulupiriro cha Chiyuda cha zinsinsi, chimene chimagwiritsa ntchito njira zachinyengo pomasulira Malemba. d—2 Peter 1:16.

a Onani buku lokonzedwanso lakuti The Strongest Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, pa gawo lakuti “Hebrew-Aramaic Dictionary-Index to the Old Testament.”

b Onani buku lakuti Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament, Voliyumu 2, masamba 672-673.

c Mosiyana ndi zimene zili mu Tora, nthawi zambiri malamulo a miyambo ya Ayuda ankaletsa akazi kuphunzira Tora. Mwachitsanzo, mu Mishnah muli mawu a Rabbi Eliezer ben Hyrcanus yemwe anati: “Aliyense wophunzitsa mwana wake wamkazi Tora, zili ngati akumuphunzitsa zolaula.” (Sota 3:4) Mu Jerusalem Talmud muli chiganizo choti: “Kuli bwino kuti mawu a mu Tora awotchedwe ndi moto kusiyana n’kuti aphunzitsidwe kwa akazi.”—Sota 3:19a.

d Mwachitsanzo, buku la Encyclopaedia Judaica limafotokoza zimene Kabbalah amafotokoza ponena za Tora. Bukuli limati: “Mu Tora mulibe mfundo yeniyeni yomveka ngakhale kuti muli mfundo zosiyanasiyana pa nkhaninso zosiyanasiyana.”—Second edition, Volume 11, tsamba 659.