Kodi Ankakhala M’nyumba Zotani?
Akhristu a M’nthawi ya Atumwi
Kodi Ankakhala M’nyumba Zotani?
“Sindinakubisireni . . . kapena kuleka kukuphunzitsani poyera komanso ku nyumba ndi nyumba.”—MACHITIDWE 20:20.
M’NTHAWI ya atumwi, mizinda yambiri inkakhala mumpanda womwe unkakhala ndi chipata chachikulu kwambiri. Yambiri mwa mizindayo, inkakhala pamwamba pa phiri. Ndipo pamwamba pake penipeni, pankakhala nyumba za anthu olemera kwambiri. Nyumbazo zinali zopakidwa laimu woyera yemwe ankachititsa kuti zizinyezimira kukawala dzuwa. Zambiri mwa nyumbazo zinali ndi minda ya maluwa yomwe ankaitchinga ndi timipanda. Cham’munsi mwa phiri, munkakhala nyumba za anthu opezako bwino. Nyumbazo zinkakhala zazikulu ndiponso zomangidwa mosiyanasiyana. Zinkakhala m’mbali mwa msewu ndipo zinali zomangidwa ndi miyala komanso zosanjikizana. Eni ake anali anthu ochita malonda ndiponso eni malo a mumzindawo. Cham’munsi mwenimweni mwa phiri, munkakhala nyumba za anthu osauka kwambiri. Nyumbazi zinali zing’onozing’ono ndipo zinkangooneka ngati timabokosi toyalidwa mothithikana, n’kungosiya timalo tochepa ndi tinjira ting’onoting’ono.
Munthu akamayenda m’misewu ya m’mizinda yakaleyi, yomwe anthu ankakhala ali pikitipikiti, ankamva phokoso ndiponso fungo la zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Azimayi akamaphika, kafungo kabwino ka zakudya kankamveka ponseponse. Munthu ankatha kumvanso kulira kwa nyama zosiyanasiyana ndiponso phokoso la ana akamasewera. Amuna ambiri ankagwira ntchito m’malo a phokoso ndiponso onunkha kwambiri.
Akhristu a m’nthawi imeneyo ankakhala m’nyumba zoterezi ndipo ankachitiramo zinthu zauzimu komanso zinthu za masiku onse monga kudya chakudya.
Nyumba za Anthu Osauka. Monga mmene zilili masiku ano, nyumba za m’nthawi ya atumwi zinali zosiyanasiyana, kukula ndiponso mamangidwe ake mogwirizana ndi malo komanso ndalama zimene munthu ali nazo. Nyumba za anthu osauka, zomwe
zinali zing’onozing’ono kwambiri, zinkakhala zopanda chipinda ndipo munkakhala mdima (1). Zambiri mwa nyumba zimenezi ankazimanga ndi zidina ndipo zina zinkamangidwa ndi miyala yosasemedwa bwino. Koma nyumba zonsezi nthawi zambiri ankazimanga pamaziko a miyala.Mkati mwa nyumbazi munkakhala mozira ndipo zimenezi zinkachititsa kuti azikonzamo kawirikawiri. Nyumbazi zinkangokhala ndi bowo limodzi lokha lotulukira utsi padenga kapena pakhoma. M’nyumba zoterezi simunkakhala mipando koma munkangokhala tizinthu tofunikira kwambiri monga mbale.
Zinkakhalanso ndi nsanamira mkati mwake yomwe inkachirikiza denga. Dengalo linali lopangidwa ndi matabwa, nthambi za mitengo ndiponso mabango, ndipo pamwamba pake ankaikapo dothi ladongo. Dothilo ankalitsendera kwambiri kenako n’kuzira pamwamba pake kuti madzi asamalowe mkati. Munthu akafuna kukwera padengalo, ankagwiritsa ntchito makwerero omwe ankakhala panja pa nyumbayo.
Ngakhale kuti Akhristu ena anali osauka ndipo ankakhala m’nyumba zoterezi, iwo sankadandaula koma ankasangalala chifukwa ankagwiritsa ntchito nyumbazi polimbikitsana mwauzimu.
Nyumba za Anthu Opeza Bwino. Nyumbazi zinali zazikulu, zosanjikizana kawiri, zinkakhala ndi chipinda cha alendo ndipo ankazimanga ndi miyala (2). (Maliko 14:13-16; Machitidwe 1:13, 14) Chipindachi, chomwe chinkakhala pamwamba, chinali chachikulu moti ankatha kuchitiramo misonkhano makamaka panthawi ya zikondwerero. (Machitidwe 2:1-4) Nyumbazi, komanso zina zazikulu kuposa zimenezi, zinali za anthu ochita malonda ndiponso eni malo a mumzindawo ndipo ankazimanga ndi miyala ndi simenti (3). Mkati mwake munali mwa pulasitala ndipo pansi ankamangapo ndi miyala yosalala. Ndiponso makoma onse a kunja ankawapaka laimu woyera.
Nyumbazi zinali ndi masitepe okwerera m’zipinda zosanja ndiponso padenga. Denga lake, lomwe linali lathyathyathya, linkakhala ndi kampanda kotchinga m’mbali mwake kuti munthu asagwe akakwerapo. (Deuteronomo 22:8) Masana kunja kukatentha kwambiri, anthu ankatha kukwera pamwamba pa dengalo n’kuika chotchinga kuti pakhale mthunzi. Amenewa ankakhala malo abwino kwambiri munthu akafuna kuphunzira Mawu a Mulungu, kusinkhasinkha, kupemphera ngakhalenso kupuma.—Machitidwe 10:9.
Nyumba zolimba za anthu opeza bwinozi, zomwe kawirikawiri mabanja ankakhalamo ndi achibale awo, zinali ndi malo ambiri moti aliyense ankatha kukhala ndi chipinda chakechake. Zinkakhalanso ndi khitchini yaikulu ndiponso malo odyera.
Nyumba za Anthu Olemera Kwambiri. Nyumba zimenezi zinali zofanana ndi za ku Roma ndipo zinkakhala zazikulu ndiponso zomangidwa mosiyanasiyana (4). Pakati penipeni pa nyumba zotere pankakhala chipinda chachikulu chodyera, chomwenso chinali malo ochezera, ndipo m’mbali mwake munkakhala zipinda zina zikuluzikulu. Nyumba zina zinkakhala zosanja katatu kapena kanayi ndipo zina zinali ndi minda yamaluwa yokongola kwambiri yotchingidwa ndi kampanda (5).
M’nyumba za anthu olemera kwambirizi muyenera kuti munkakhala mipando yokongola kwambiri, ndipo ina mwa mipandoyo inkakhala yokutidwa ndi minyanga ya njovu ndiponso golide. Nyumbazi zinali zapamwamba chifukwa mkati mwake munali madzi a m’mipopi komanso mabafa. Pansi pake ankamangapo ndi matabwa kapena miyala yamtengo wapatali yomwe inkakhala yosalala komanso yonyezimira m’mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ndipo zikuoneka kuti makoma onse amkati ankawakuta ndi matabwa a mkungudza. M’nyumbazi munkakhala mbaula zinazake zothandiza kuti muzitentha nthawi yozizira. M’mawindo, ankatchingamo ndi matabwa kuti akuba asalowe komanso ankatchinga ndi makatani kuti anthu asamaone m’katimo. Ndiponso mawindowa ankakhala ndi kakhonde.—Panthawi imeneyo, Akhristu ena anali ndi nyumba zikuluzikulu koma ena anali ndi zing’onozing’ono. Ngakhale zinali choncho, onsewa anali ndi mtima wochereza alendo. Zimenezi zinkachititsa kuti oyang’anira oyendayenda akabwera mumzindawo kudzachita utumiki wawo, asamavutike kupeza malo ogona.—Mateyo 10:11; Machitidwe 16:14, 15.
“Kunyumba kwa Simoni ndi Andireya.” Yesu analandiridwa bwino kwambiri “kunyumba kwa Simoni ndi Andireya.” (Maliko 1:29-31) Nyumba ya asodzi amenewa iyenera kuti inali m’gulu la nyumba za anthu osauka zomwe zinali zoyandikana kwambiri (6).
Zitseko ndi mawindo a nyumba zoterezi nthawi zambiri zinkakhala zotsegula anthu akamachita zinthu zosiyanasiyana pabwalo la nyumbazo monga kuphika, kusinja, kucheza ndiponso kudya.
Nyumba zosanjikizana kawiri za ku Kaperenao ankazimanga ndi miyala ikuluikulu yolimba kwambiri. Masitepe okwerera padenga lake lathyathyathya ankamangidwa ndi dothi kapena matailosi. Zinthu zimenezi ankaziika pamwamba pa mabango kapena matabwa omwe ankawalumikiza kunsanamira za nyumbayo. (Maliko 2:1-5) Mkati mwa nyumbayo, pansi pake anamangapo ndi miyala yosalala ndipo ankayalamo kapeti.
M’mbali mwa nyanja ya Galileya, munali nyumba zambiri zimene zinamangidwa moyandikana ndipo zinamangidwa m’mphepete mwa msewu. Tawuni ya Kaperenao inali malo abwino kukhala asodzi opha nsomba m’nyanja ya Galileya.
“Kunyumba ndi Nyumba.” Monga mmene taonera, nyumba za Akhristu a m’nthawi ya atumwi zinali zosiyanasiyana. Ena anali ndi nyumba zing’onozing’ono zopanda chipinda zomwe ankazimanga ndi zidina, pomwe ena nyumba zawo zinali zikuluzikulu kwambiri zomangidwa ndi miyala.
Akhristu ankagwiritsa ntchito nyumba zimenezi m’njira zambiri kuwonjezera pa kugonamo. Ankazigwiritsanso ntchito polandira malangizo auzimu komanso banja lonse linkalambiriramo Mulungu. Akhristu ankasonkhana m’nyumba zosiyanasiyana kuti aphunzire Malemba ndiponso kucheza ndi Akhristu anzawo. Zimene ankaphunzira kumeneko, ankazigwiritsa ntchito pa utumiki wawo wofunika kwambiri, womwe ndi kulalikira ndi kuphunzitsa anthu “kunyumba ndi nyumba” m’madera onse olamulidwa ndi Aroma.—Machitidwe 20:20.