KWA Aheberi omwe ankakhala m’Dziko Lolonjezedwa, chaka chinkayamba kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yolima ndiponso kudzala mbewu, yomwe panopa ndi cha mu September kapena October.

Anthu ankawerengera miyezi potengera mmene mwezi ukuyendera, ndipo miyeziyo inkakhala ya masiku 29 kapena 30. Ankawerengetseranso kutalika kwa chaka potengera mmene dzuwa likuyendera. Komabe chaka chimene awerengetsera potengera mmene mwezi ukuyendera chimakhala chachifupi poyerekezera ndi chimene awerengetsera potengera dzuwa. Choncho ankafunika kupeza njira yoti njira ziwiri zowerengetserazi zigwirizane. Zimenezi zinkatheka powonjezera masiku ndipo nthawi zina powonjezera mwezi, mwina chaka china chikatsala pang’ono kuyamba. Kuchita zimenezi kunkathandiza kuti kalendala izigwirizana ndi nyengo yodzala mbewu kapena yokolola.

Komabe m’nthawi ya Mose, Mulungu anauza anthu ake kuti pa nkhani ya kulambira, chaka chiyenera kuyambira m’mwezi wa Abibu, kapena kuti Nisani, womwe masiku ano ndi cha mu March kapena April. (Eks. 12:2; 13:4) Chikondwerero chomwe chinkachitika m’mweziwu chinkaphatikizapo kukolola balere.​—Eks. 23:15, 16.

Katswiri wina dzina lake Emil Schürer analemba m’buku lake kuti: “Lamulo lomwe linkawathandiza kudziwa ngati akufunika kuwonjezera masiku kapena ayi, linali losavuta. Mwambo wa Pasika womwe unkachitika mwezi wathunthu ukaoneka m’mwezi wa Nisani (Nisani14), unkachitika pambuyo pa tsiku limene usana ndi usiku wake unali wotalika mofanana . . . Choncho chakumapeto kwa chaka akazindikira kuti Pasika akhoza kuchitika tsiku lofanana usana ndi usiku lija lisanafike, ankawonjezera mwezi wina, mwezi wa Nisani usanafike.”​—The History of the Jewish People in the Age of Jesus Christ, (175 B.C.–A.D. 135)

A Mboni za Yehova amatsata njira imeneyi akafuna kudziwa tsiku loyenera kudzachita mwambo wa Chakudya Chamadzulo cha Ambuye, lomwe limakhala m’mwezi wa March kapena April ,ndipo limagwirizana ndi tsiku la Nisani 14 pa kalendala ya Chiheberi. Mipingo padziko lonse imadziwitsidwa za tsikuli lisanafike. *

Koma kodi Aheberi ankadziwa bwanji pamene pathera mwezi ndi pamene pakuyambira mwezi wina? Masiku ano timadziwa zimenezi pongoyang’ana pakalendala. Komatu kalero sizinali zophweka chonchi.

Pa nthawi ya Chigumula, miyezi inkakhala ya masiku 30. (Gen. 7:11, 24; 8:3, 4) Patapita nthawi, si miyezi yonse yomwe Aheberi ankagwiritsa ntchito, imene inkakhala ndi masiku 30. Malinga ndi kalendalayi, ankawerengera kuti mwezi wayamba mwezi ukangooneka. Zimenezi zinkachitika pakatha masiku 29 kapena 30 kuchokera m’mwezi umene wangothawo.

Pa nthawi ina, Davide ndi Yonatani anatchula za kuyambika kwa mwezi watsopano pomwe anati: “Mawa ndi tsiku lokhala mwezi.” (1 Sam. 20:5, 18) Choncho zikuoneka kuti pofika m’zaka za m’ma 1000 B.C.E., anthu ankatha kudziwiratu nthawi imene miyezi yakutsogolo idzayambe. Kodi munthu wamba ku Isiraeli akanadziwa bwanji nthawi imene mwezi watsopano wayamba? Buku lina lomwe lili ndi malamulo komanso miyambo ya Chiyuda lingatithandize kudziwa zimenezi. Bukuli limasonyeza kuti kungochokera pamene Ayuda anabwera kuchoka ku ukapolo ku Babulo, Khoti Lalikulu la Ayuda ndi limene linkawathandiza pa nkhaniyi. Pa miyezi 7 yomwe kunkachitika zikondwerero, khotili linkakumana pa tsiku la 30 la mwezi uliwonse. Oweruza a khotili anali ndi udindo wosankha tsiku limene mwezi wotsatira udzayambe. Kodi iwo ankatengera chiyani posankha tsikuli?

Amuna ena ankakhala pamalo okwera mozungulira Yerusalemu ndipo ankakhala tcheru usiku kuti aone ngati mwezi watsopano waonekera. Mweziwo ukangoonekera, mwamsanga ankadziwitsa Khoti Lalikulu la Ayuda lija. Oweruza a khotili akaona kuti pali umboni wokwanira wotsimikizira kuti mwezi waonekera, ankalengeza kuti mwezi watsopano wayamba. Koma bwanji ngati mitambo kapena nkhungu zachititsa kuti amuna aja asathe kuona kuti mwezi  waonekera? Zikatero ankangogamula kuti popeza masiku 30 akwana m’mwezi wapitawo, ndiye kuti mwezi watsopano wayambika.

Buku lija limafotokozanso kuti chigamulo cha Khoti Lalikulu la Ayudali chinkalengezedwa poyatsa moto pa Phiri la Maolivi, kufupi ndi ku Yerusalemu. Ankayatsanso moto m’malo ena okwera mu Isiraeli pofuna kufalitsa uthengawu. Patapita nthawi, ankatumiza anthu kukalengeza uthengawu. Choncho Ayuda mu Yerusalemu, mu Isiraeli yense komanso m’madera osiyanasiyana ankadziwitsidwa za kuyamba kwa mwezi watsopano. Izi zinkathandiza kuti onse azitha kuchita zikondwerero zawo pa nthawi yofanana.

Tchati chili m’munsichi chingakuthandizeni kumvetsa kugwirizana pakati pa miyezi ya pakalendala ya Chiheberi, zikondwerero komanso nyengo.