Kodi Madzi Akutha Padzikoli?

YAMBANI

Kodi Madzi Akutha Padzikoli?

Mwambi wina umati, “madzi ndi moyo.” Akatswiri ena amati mawu amenewa anangolosera zinthu zomwe zikuchitika masiku ano. Chaka chilichonse, anthu pafupifupi 2 miliyoni amafa chifukwa cha uve ndiponso kumwa madzi oipa. Mwa anthu amenewa, 90 pa 100 alionse amakhala ana.

KODI inuyo mumatani kuti mupeze madzi? Kodi mumatunga pa mpope wapakhomo panu? Kapena kodi mumayenda ulendo wautali, n’kukafikira kukhala pamzere kuti mutunge madzi, ngati mmene anthu ena m’mayiko ambiri amachitira? Kodi tsiku lililonse zimakutengerani nthawi yaitali kuti mupeze madzi ophikira ndiponso kuchapira? M’mayiko ambiri, anthu akukumana ndi mavuto ngati amenewa pofuna kupeza madzi. Wolemba mabuku wina dzina lake, Diane Raines Ward analemba kuti, padziko lonse anthu 40 mwa anthu 100 alionse, “amatunga madzi m’zitsime, m’mitsinje, m’madamu kapenanso m’zithaphwi.” (Water Wars—Drought, Flood, Folly, and the Politics of Thirst) M’mayiko ena, azimayi amathera maola opitirira 6 akufunafuna madzi ndipo amatungira madziwo m’zidebe zikuluzikulu zolemera kwambiri.

Pafupifupi theka la chiwerengero cha anthu onse padziko lapansi, akukhudzidwa ndi vuto la kusowa kwa madzi ndiponso kusowa zimbudzi. Vutoli ndi lalikulu kwambiri makamaka ku Africa kuno, kumene anthu 6 pa 10 alionse alibe zimbudzi zabwino. Bungwe Loona za Umoyo pa Dziko Lonse limati zimenezi zimachititsa kuti, “tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, timene timakhala m’zonyansa zochokera m’thupi la anthu . . . tidziwononga madzi, dothi komanso chakudya.” Bungweli linanenanso kuti, “matenda otsegula m’mimba, omwe amapha ana ochuluka kwambiri m’mayiko osauka amabwera chifukwa cha vutoli. Matenda enanso amene amabwera chifukwa cha vutoli ndi kolera, likodzo ndiponso matenda a maso.”

Zaka za m’ma 2000 zino, anthu amanena kuti madzi akusowa kwambiri ngati golide. Anthu akuwononga kwambiri madzi, moti mitsinje yochuluka imene inkathira madzi m’nyanja yaphwera kwambiri moti siikuthiranso m’nyanja. Mitsinje ikuluikulu monga Colorado, ku madzulo kwa United States, Yangtze, ku China, Indus, ku Pakistan, Ganges, ku India, ndiponso Nile, ku Egypt, ikuuma chifukwa cha ulimi wothirira ndiponso kutentha. Kodi anthu achitapo chiyani pofuna kuthetsa la vuto kusowa kwa madzili? Kodi njira yabwino yothetsera vutoli ndi iti?

[Bokosi/Chithunzi patsamba 3]

NYANJA ZIKUPHWERA

▪ “Mu 1960, Nyanja ya Aral yomwe ili ku Central Asia, inali yachinayi pa nyanja zikuluzikulu kwambiri padziko lonse. Koma pofika mu 2007, mbali ina ya nyanjayi inali itauma.”—Scientific American.

▪ Nyanja zisanu zikuluzikulu zaku United States ndi Canada, zomwe ndi Erie, Huron, Michigan, Ontario, ndi Superior, zikuphwera “mofulumira kwambiri.”—The Globe and Mail.

▪ Panthawi ina, chigayo chokonola mpunga cha ku Deniliquin, m’dziko la Australia chinkakonola mpunga wokwanira kudya anthu 20 miliyoni. Koma mu December 2007, chigayochi anachitseka “m’dzikolo mutachitika chilala kwa zaka 6,” chimene chachititsa kuti anthu azikolola mpunga wochepa kwambiri.—The New York Times.

[Chithunzi]

Boti limene anangolisiya, nyanja ya Aral itaphwera

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

[Bokosi/Mapu patsamba 4]

“MADZI A M’MITSINJE NDI M’MAKHWAWA AUMIRATU”

“Kale, asayansi ya zakuthambo akakhala m’mlengalenga sankavutika kuwona nyanja ya Chad, yomwe ili ku Africa, koma panopa amavutika kuona pamene ili. Nyanjayi, yomwe yazunguliridwa ndi mayiko a [Cameroon,] Chad, Niger, ndi Nigeria . . . yakhala ikuphwera kwambiri kuyambira m’ma 1960. Madzi a m’mitsinje ndiponso makhwawa amene amathira m’nyanjayi aumiratu chifukwa cha ulimi wothirira womwe ukuchitika m’derali. Zimenezi zingadzachititse kuti nyanja ya Chad ifafanizikiretu moti kutsogoloku anthu sadzadziwa kuti kunali nyanjayi.”—Plan B 2.0—Rescuing a Planet Under Stress and a Civilization in Trouble, lolembedwa ndi Lester R. Brown.

[Mapu]

(Onani m’magazini yeniyeni kuti mumvetse izi)

■ Madzi

☒ Zomera

□ Nthaka

1963

NIGER

CHAD

Nyanja ya Chad

NIGERIA

CAMEROON

2007