Chifukwa Chake Tiyenera Kukhulupirira Baibulo

1. Ndi Lolondola Pankhani za Mbiri Yakale

Zimakhala zovuta kukhulupirira buku lomwe lili ndi zolakwika. Taganizani mmene mungamvere mutawerenga buku la mbiri yakale limene likunena kuti nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse inachitika zaka za m’ma 1800 kapena limene likutchula pulezidenti wa ku United States kuti mfumu. Kodi zolakwika zimenezi sizingakuchititseni kukayikira bukulo?

PALIBE munthu aliyense amene watsutsa za kulondola kwa Baibulo pankhani za mbiri yakale n’kupambana. Baibulo limatchula anthu ndi zochitika zenizeni.

Anthu. Otsutsa Baibulo ankakayikira zoti kunali munthu wotchedwa Pontiyo Pilato, yemwe Baibulo limati anali bwanamkubwa wachiroma ku Yudeya amene anapereka Yesu kuti apachikidwe. (Mateyo 27:1-26) Koma umboni wotsimikizira kuti Pilato anakhalapo ndipo anali wolamulira wa Yudeya unazokotedwa pa mwala [chinthuzi 1] womwe unapezedwa mu 1961, kumzinda wa Kaisareya pafupi ndi nyanja ya Mediterranean.

Poyamba panalibe umboni kupatulapo wa m’Baibulo woti Davide, m’busa wolimba mtima yemwe kenako anakhala mfumu ya Isiraeli, analidi munthu weniweni. Koma mu 1993, akatswiri ofukula za m’mabwinja anapeza mwala wina kumpoto kwa Isiraeli [chithunzi 2], womwe unazokotedwa cha m’ma 800 B.C.E., ndipo akuti uli ndi mawu oti “Nyumba ya Davide” ndiponso “mfumu ya Isiraeli.”

Zochitika. Kale akatswiri ambiri ankakayikira zimene Baibulo limanena zoti mtundu wa Edomu unamenyana ndi Isiraeli m’nthawi ya Davide. (2 Samueli 8:13, 14) Ankanena kuti panthawiyo mtundu wa Edomu unali wa anthu oweta ziweto basi ndipo sunali wamphamvu moti n’kulimbana ndi Isiraeli mpaka patapita nthawi yaitali. Koma zofukulidwa m’mabwinja zaposachedwapa zasonyeza kuti “mtundu wa Edomu unali wamphamvu kuyambira kale kwambiri [kusiyana ndi mmene anthu ankaganizira], monga momwe Baibulo limasonyezera.”—Biblical Archaeology Review.

Udindo wa anthu. Pazaka zonse 1,600 zimene Baibulo linali kulembedwa, panali olamulira osiyanasiyana. Koma Baibulo likamatchula wolamulira winawake, nthawi zonse limatchula molondola udindo wake. Mwachitsanzo, limatchula molondola udindo wa Herode Antipa kuti anali “wolamulira chigawo” ndipo limatchulanso kuti Galiyo anali “bwanamkubwa.” (Luka 3:1; Machitidwe 18:12) Chitsanzo china chili pa lemba la Ezara 5:6 lomwe limati, Tatinai anali kazembe wa chigawo cha ku Perisiya cha ku “tsidya lino la mtsinjewo,” womwe ndi Firate. Ndalama ina yachitsulo ya m’ma 300 B.C.E. inatchula udindo wa wolamulira wina, dzina lake Mazaeus, ndi mawu ofanana ndi amenewa kuti, iye anali kazembe wa chigawo cha ku Perisiya cha ku “tsidya lino la mtsinjewo.”

Sitiyenera kuona mopepuka kulondola kwa Baibulo pa zinthu zooneka zazing’ono monga zimenezi. Ngati tingakhulupirire olemba Baibulo pa zinthu zazing’ono, tikhoza kukhulupiriranso zinthu zina zimene analemba.

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 5]

1: Photograph © Israel Museum, Jerusalem; courtesy of Israel Antiquities Authority; 2: HUC, Tel Dan Excavations; photo: Zeev Radovan