Kodi Mumafunikadi Kuchita Zinthu Zolimbitsa Thupi?

“Muzichita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi kawiri pamlungu kuti mukhale athanzi ndiponso athupi lamphamvu. Muzichita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi kwa mphindi 30 patsiku. Musamamwe mowa kuti mupewe matenda a khansa. Muzimwa mowa kuti muchepetse vuto lodzadwala matenda a mtima. Kodi nthawi zina mumaganizapo kuti malangizo abwino achulukitsa? Mitu ya nkhani za pawailesi kapena m’manyuzipepala imati lero kunena zina, mlungu wamawa n’kudzanena zinanso. . . . N’chifukwa chiyani akatswiri a sayansi sagwirizana chimodzi? N’chifukwa chiyani amati mlungu uno kunena kuti khofi ndi woipa, mlungu wamawa n’kudzanena kuti ndi wabwinobwino?” —Anatero Barbara A. Brehm, yemwe ndi pulofesa wa maphunziro a zinthu zolimbitsa thupi ndi za masewera.

NTHAWI zambiri akatswiri a zaumoyo sagwirizana chimodzi pankhani ya zakudya ndi mmene anthu angakhalire ndi thupi lamphamvu. Anthu ambiri amasokonezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zimene munthu afunika kuchita ndi zimene safunika kuchita ngati akufuna kukhala wathanzi. Koma pankhani yochitako zinthu zolimbitsa thupi, zikuoneka kuti akatswiri onse asayansi amagwirizana chimodzi. Iwo amati, ngati mukufuna kukhala wathanzi, muyenera kumachita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse.

Vuto lakula masiku ano, makamaka m’mayiko olemera, ndi loti anthu sakuchita mokwanira zinthu zolimbitsa thupi. M’mbuyomu, anthu ambiri a m’mayiko amenewa ankagwira ntchito zolimba, ngati uchikumbe, uzimba, ndiponso zomangamanga. N’zoona kuti makolo athu ankafunika kukhetsa thukuta kwambiri kuti apeze zofunika pamoyo wawo. Ndipotu izi zinali zowawa ndipo mwinanso zowafupikitsira moyo kumene. Malinga ndi zomwe linanena buku la Encyclopædia Britannica, “kale ku Girisi ndi ku Roma, zaka zimene munthu ankayembekezeka kukhala ndi moyo zinali 28.” Koma pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 1900, zaka zimene anthu a m’mayiko olemera ankayembekezeka kukhala ndi moyo zinali 74. Kodi n’chifukwa chiyani zakazi zinasintha chonchi?

Kodi Luso la Zopangapanga ndi Dalitso Kapena Temberero?

Anthu amasiku ano amakhala athanzi kwambiri ndiponso amoyo wautali kusiyana ndi anthu akale. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zimene zachititsa izi ndi kubwera kwa luso la zopangapanga. Zinthu zimene anthu akupanga masiku ano zachititsa kuti tisinthe kachitidwe ka zinthu, ndipo lero n’kosavuta kugwira ntchito zambiri zimene kale zinali zowawa kwambiri. Ntchito zachipatala zapita patsogolo kwambiri polimbana ndi matenda ndipo izi zikuthandiza kuti anthu ambiri azikhala athanzi. Komatu izi zili apo, zinthu zina sizikuyenda bwino.

 Ngakhale kuti luso la zopangapanga lathandiza kuti anthu azikhala athanzi, m’kupita kwa nthawi lachititsanso kuti anthu ambiri akhale ndi moyo wongokhala. M’chikalata chimene bungwe la American Heart Association linatulutsa posachedwapa chakuti International Cardiovascular Disease Statistics, bungweli linafotokoza kuti “kusintha kwa zachuma, kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha anthu okhala m’matauni, ntchito zamafakitale ndiponso kuyendetsera limodzi ntchito zosiyanasiyana padziko lonse, kwachititsa kuti miyoyo ya anthu isinthe, ndipo kusintha kumeneku kubweretsa matenda a mtima.” Chikalatacho chinatchula “moyo wongokhala ndiponso kudya zakudya zimene si zamagulu” kuti ndi zina mwa zifukwa zikuluzikulu zimene zadzetsa vutoli.

M’mayiko ambiri, zaka 50 zokha zapitazo, munthu wakhama pantchito ankalima ndi pulawo yokokedwa ndi kavalo, kenako n’kutchova njinga ulendo wa kubanki, ndiyeno madzulo ake n’kugwira ntchito zina ndi zina za panyumba pake. Komano moyo wa zidzukulu zake ndi wosiyaniranatu ndi umenewu. Munthu amene ali pantchito masiku ano angaswere pafupifupi tsiku lonse pakompyuta, n’kuyenda pagalimoto kupita pafupifupi kulikonse komwe akufuna, ndipo madzulo ake n’kumaonerera TV.

Malinga ndi zimene anapeza pa kafukufuku wina, anthu ogwetsa mitengo a ku Sweden, omwe m’mbuyomu pogwetsa ndi kunyamula mitengo, matupi awo ankagwiritsa ntchito chakudya chambiri chimene adya, tsopano amangoonerera makina apamwamba kwambiri akuchita mbali yaikulu pantchito yolimbayi. Kale, anthu ndi amene ankalambula ndi kumakonza misewu yambiri padziko pano pogwiritsa ntchito mapiki ndi mafosholo. Koma lero, ngakhale m’mayiko osauka, akatapila ndi zipangizo zina zamphamvu ndizo zikugwira ntchito yokumba ndi kufoshola zinthu.

M’madera ena a dziko la China, anthu pang’onopang’ono ayamba kukonda kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito tinjinga tamoto m’malo mwa njinga zakapalasa. Ku United States, komwe 25 peresenti ya maulendo onse omwe anthu amayenda sakwana n’komwe makilomita awiri, ambiri mwa maulendo afupiafupi amenewa amakhala a pagalimoto.

Luso la zopangapanga masiku ano lachititsanso kuti ana azingokhala. Pa kufufuza kwina anapeza kuti chifukwa chakuti masiku ano masewera a pavidiyo akukhala “osangalatsa kwambiri ndipo akuoneka enieni, ana . . . amasewera masewerawa nthawi yaitali.” Apezanso mfundo zofanana ndi mfundoyi pankhani yoonerera TV ndiponso zosangalatsa zina zimene zimachititsa kuti ana azingokhala.

Kuipa kwa Moyo Wongokhala

Kuchepa kwambiri kwa zintchito zofuna kukhetsa thukuta kukuwononga kwambiri matupi, ubongo, ndiponso maganizo a anthu. Mwachitsanzo, posachedwapa bungwe lina la zaumoyo ku Britain linati: “N’zosavuta kuti ana omwe amangokhala azidzikayikira pochita zinthu, azikhala ndi nkhawa ndiponso maganizo ambiri. Ndiponso, mosiyana ndi ana omwe sangokhala, ana oterewa amatha kuyamba kusuta fodya ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Antchito amene amangokhala osachita  zinthu zolimbitsa thupi amajombajomba kuntchito kusiyana ndi anzawo amene sangokhala. Akakula, anthu oterewa sakhala anyonga ndiponso matupi awo sakhala omasuka moti n’kumagwira zintchito. Chotsatira chake chimakhala chakuti ambiri amadalira anzawo ndiponso ubongo wawo sugwira ntchito mokwanira.”

Cora Craig, yemwe ndi pulezidenti wa bungwe linalake loona za moyo wa anthu lotchedwa Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute, anafokoza kuti “masiku ano anthu ambiri a ku Canada matupi awo sawagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri kusiyana ndi mmene ankachitira kale . . . Tingonena kuti m’dziko la Canada anthu sakuchitanso ntchito zomwe zimathandiza kulimbitsa matupi.” Nyuzipepala ya Globe and Mail ya ku Canada komweko inati: “Pafupifupi anthu 48 pa anthu 100 alionse a ku Canada ndi onenepa kwambiri, kuphatikizapo anthu 15 pa anthu 100 alionse omwe ndi onenepa modetsa nkhawa.” Nyuzipepalayi inanenanso kuti ku Canada, anthu 59 pa anthu 100 alionse achikulire amangokhala. Dr. Matti Uusitupa, wa pa yunivesite ya Kuopio ku Finland, anachenjeza kuti “padziko lonse anthu odwala mtundu wa matenda a shuga omwe ndi ofala mwa achikulire ndiponso mwa anthu onenepa modetsa nkhawa akumka nachulukirachulukira chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu onenepa modetsa nkhawa ndiponso a moyo wongokhala.”

Ku Hong Kong kafukufuku wina amene anachitika posachedwapa anasonyeza kuti pafupifupi imfa 20 pa imfa 100 zilizonse za anthu a zaka zoyambira 35 kupita m’mwamba zimakhala zokhudzana ndi moyo wongokhala. Pakafukufukuyu, yemwe anatsogoleredwa ndi Pulofesa Tai-Hing Lam, wa pa yunivesite ya Hong Kong ndipo anafalitsa ndi a Annals of Epidemiology mu 2004, anapeza kuti “mavuto omwe amadza chifukwa cha moyo wongokhala amaposa mavuto amene anthu a ku China omwe akukhala ku Hong Kong amakumana nawo chifukwa chosuta fodya.” Akatswiri ochita kafukufuku amati m’tsogolo muno nalonso dziko la China “lidzakumana ndi vuto la kuchuluka kwa imfa zoterezi.”

Kodi m’pomveka kuda nkhawa chonchi? Kodi moyo wongokhala ungawonongedi thanzi lathu, kuposanso mmene kusuta fodya kumachitira? Ambiri amavomereza kuti, poyerekeza anthu amene amatakataka ndi amene amangokhala, anthu ongokhalawa amakumana ndi vuto la kukwera kwa BP, kudwala mosavuta matenda a sitiroko ndi a mtima, amathanso kudwala mosavuta mitundu ina ya matenda a khansa, kukhala ndi mafupa osalimba, ndipo nthawi zambiri amatha kunenepa modetsa nkhawa. *

Magazini ya The Wall Street Journal inati: “Kulikonse padziko lapansi pano, ngakhalenso m’madera amene vuto la kuperewera kwa zakudya m’thupi ndi lalikulu kwambiri, chiwerengero cha anthu onenepa kwambiri kapena onenepa modetsa nkhawa chikukwera mochititsa mantha. Vutoli likuchitika makamaka chifukwa chodya zakudya zonenepetsa ndiyeno n’kumangokhala, ndipotu ndi vuto lomweli  limene likuchititsa kuti m’dziko la America mukhale anthu ambiri onenepa kwambiri kapena onenepa modetsa nkhawa.” Dr. Stephan Rössner, yemwe ndi pulofesa wa zaumoyo pa Karolinska Institute ku Stockholm, m’dziko la Sweden, anavomereza mfundoyi ndipo anafika ponena kuti: “Padziko lonse, palibenso dziko limene chiwerengero cha anthu onenepa modetsa nkhawa sichikukwera.”

Vuto la Padziko Lonse

N’zoonekeratu kuti kukhala ndi ndondomeko yochita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi n’kofunika kwambiri kuti tikhale athanzi. Komatu, ngakhale kuti pafalitsidwa nkhani zambiri zofotokoza za kuopsa kwa moyo wongokhala, anthu ambiri padziko lonse akupitirizabe moyo wongokhalawu. Bungwe la World Heart Federation limakhulupirira kuti pakati pa anthu 60 ndi 85 pa anthu 100 alionse padziko pano “makamaka atsikana ndi amayi, sachita mokwanira zinthu zolimbitsa thupi moti n’kukhaladi athanzi.” Bungweli linati “nawonso ana pafupifupi awiri pa ana atatu alionse sachita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi zokwanira moti n’kukhaladi athanzi.” Ku United States, pafupifupi anthu 40 pa anthu 100 alionse achikulire amangokhala, ndiponso pafupifupi theka la achinyamata a zaka zapakati pa 12 ndi 21 sagwira kawirikawiri ntchito zolimba kwambiri.

Kafukufuku amene anachitika pofuna kupeza kufala kwa moyo wongokhala m’mayiko 15 a ku Ulaya anasonyeza kuti chiwerengero cha anthu ongokhala chinali pakati pa anthu 43 pa anthu 100 alionse m’dziko la Sweden ndi anthu 87 pa anthu 100 alionse m’dziko la Portugal. Mu mzinda wa São Paulo, ku Brazil, pafupifupi anthu 70 pa anthu 100 alionse m’dzikolo amangokhala. Bungwe Loona za Umoyo pa Dziko Lonse (WHO) linati “zimene zapezedwa pa kafukufuku wa zaumoyo padziko lonse sizikusiyana, ndipo izi n’zochititsa chidwi kwambiri.” Motero, sitiyenera kudabwa kumva kuti anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni awiri amamwalira chaka chilichonse chifukwa cha mavuto okhudzana ndi moyo wongokhala.

Padziko lonse, akatswiri a zaumoyo akuda nkhawa ndi nkhani imeneyi. Chifukwa cha izi, mabungwe aboma padziko lonse ayambitsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana zimene cholinga chake ndi kuphunzitsa anthu ubwino wochitako zinthu zolimbitsa thupi. Mayiko a Australia, Japan, ndi United States akukhulupirira kuti podzafika chaka cha 2010, chiwerengero cha anthu awo amene amachita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi chidzakhala chitawonjezeka ndi anthu 10 pa anthu 100 alionse. Ku Scotland akufuna kuti podzafika chaka cha 2020 anthu 50 pa anthu 100 alionse achikulire m’dzikomo azidzachita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi. Lipoti la WHO linafotokoza kuti “mayiko ena amene anasonyeza kuti akufunitsitsa kugwira ntchito yolimbikitsa anthu awo kuti azichita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi ndi mayiko a Mexico, Brazil, Jamaica, New Zealand, Finland, Russian Federation, Morocco, Vietnam, South Africa, ndi Slovenia.”

Ngakhale kuti maboma ndi mabungwe a zaumoyo akuyesetsa kuthandiza, udindo waukulu wosamalira thanzi lathu uli m’manja mwathu. Dzifunseni kuti, ‘Kodi ndine wotakataka mokwanira? Kodi ndimachita mokwanira zinthu zolimbitsa thupi? Ngati sinditero, kodi ndingatani kuti ndisiye moyo wongokhala?’ Nkhani yotsatirayi ikusonyezani mmene mungawonjezerere zinthu zolimbitsa thupi zimene mumachita.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Bokosi patsamba 20]

Ndalama Zowonongedwa Chifukwa cha Moyo Wongokhala

Maboma ndiponso mabungwe ambiri a zaumoyo akuda nkhawa kwambiri ndi ndalama zimene zimawonongedwa chifukwa cha moyo wongokhala.

● Australia – M’dziko limeneli ndalama zomwe zimawonongedwa pachaka pantchito zaumoyo zokhudzana ndi moyo wongokhala ndi pafupifupi madola 377 miliyoni.

● Canada – Malinga ndi a World Heart Federation, m’chaka chimodzi chokha, dziko la Canada linawononga ndalama zoposa madola 2 biliyoni pantchito zaumoyo “zokhudzana ndi moyo wongokhala.”

● United States – M’chaka cha 2000, dziko la United States linawononga ndalama zochititsa mantha, zokwana madola 76 biliyoni, pantchito zaumoyo polimbana ndi mavuto obwera chifukwa cha moyo wongokhala.

[Bokosi/Zithunzi patsamba 21]

Ana Amafunika Kuchita Zinthu Zolimbitsa Thupi

Kafukufuku amene wachitika posachedwapa wasonyeza kuti ana ambiri omwe chiwerengero chawo chikumka chiwonjezeka sachita nthawi zonse zinthu zolimbitsa thupi. Makamaka atsikana ambiri ndiwo amangokhala kusiyana ndi anyamata. Zikuoneka kuti ana akamakula, sakonda kuchita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi. Nazi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimene ana amapindula akamachita nthawi zonse zinthu zolimbitsa thupi:

● Amakhala ndi mafupa ndi minofu yolimba komanso molumikizira mafupa mumakhala mwathanzi

● Amapewa kunenepa kwambiri kapena kunenepa kodetsa nkhawa

● Amapewa kapena sadwala msanga matenda okhudzana ndi kukwera kwa BP

● Amapewa matenda a shuga amene amagwira anthu onenepa kwambiri

● Amakhala odzidalira pochita zinthu ndiponso sakhala ndi nkhawa kapena maganizo kwambiri

● Amazolowera moyo wotakataka zimene zingadzachititse kuti atakula asamadzangokhala

[Bokosi/Chithunzi patsamba 22]

Achikulire Amakhala Athanzi

Anthu amati munthu ukamakula, m’pamene umapindula kwambiri ndi zinthu zolimbitsa thupi. Komabe, achikulire ambiri sachita nthawi zonse zinthu zolimbitsa thupi ati poopa kuti angavulale kapena angadwale. N’zoona kuti anthu achikulire ayenera kuonana kaye ndi adokotala asanayambe kumachita zinthu zolimba zolimbitsa thupi. Komabe, akatswiri a zaumoyo amakhulupirira kuti kuchita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi kungawathandize kwambiri anthu achikulire kuti akhale athanzi. Nazi mbali zina zimene achikulire angamachite bwino kwambiri chifukwa chochita nthawi zonse zinthu zolimbitsa thupi:

● Bongo wochangamuka

● Kuima bwinobwino ndiponso thupi lomasuka

● Maganizo abwino

● Kuchira msanga akadwala kapena kuvulala

● Chifu, matumbo ndi chiwindi zimagwira bwino ntchito

● Chakudya chimapukusika bwino m’thupi

● Mphamvu ya thupi yoteteza ku matenda imagwira bwino ntchito

● Mafupa amakhala olimba

● Amakhala anyonga