Madokotala Amakumana N’zambiri

“Banja linalake lachinyamata linabwera kwa ine lili ndi chikhulupiriro chonse kuti ndikhoza kuthandiza mwana wawo, yemwe anali atangobadwa kumene. Nditamuyeza mwanayo, ndinadzazidwa ndi chisoni. Matenda ake anali osachiritsika. Tangoganizirani mmene ndinkamvera pamene ndinali kuuza makolo atsopano amenewa kuti mwana wawo wamwamuna adzakhala wosaona. Pamene ankatuluka mu ofesi mwanga, mtima wanga unali ukupweteka kwambiri. Koma patangodutsa timphindi tochepa, mu ofesimo munalowa wodwala wotsatira, akuyembekezera kuti ndimusekerere posonyeza kuti ndamulandira! Zinthu ngati zimenezi n’zimene zimandivutitsa maganizo.”—Anatero dokotala wina wochita maopaleshoni a m’maso wa ku South America.

ODWALA nthawi zambiri sapita kwa dokotala kuti akamve mavuto a dokotalayo. Wodwala amangoganizira za chithandizo chimene iyeyo akufunikira. Choncho ndi anthu ochepa okha amene amadziwa mmene madokotala amavutikira maganizo tsiku lililonse.

N’zoona kuti aliyense amavutika maganizo nthawi zina, ndipo ntchito yaudokotala si ntchito yokhayo imene imavutitsa anthu maganizo. Komabe, popeza pafupifupi aliyense amakumana ndi dokotala pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, kumvetsa mavuto amene madokotala amakumana nawo tsiku ndi tsiku ndi mmene mavuto amenewa angawakhudzire kungatithandize.

Madokotala amayamba kukhala ndi nkhawa tsiku ndi tsiku kumayambiriro kwa moyo wawo pamene akuyesetsa kuti asankhidwe kupita ku sukulu yophunzitsa za udokotala. Koma maphunziro a udokotala akayamba, nthawi zambiri wophunzirayo amaona zinthu zambiri zoipa zoti saziiwala n’komwe. Kumakhala kuyambika kwa zinthu zomwe zingasinthe mmene wophunzirayo amamvera, ngakhale khalidwe lake limene.

Maphunziro a Udokotala Amaonetsa Munthu Zinthu Zoopsa ndi Zonyansa

Ulendo woyamba wopita ku chipinda chimene amatumbulirako anthu, umene umakhala woziziritsa nkhongono kwabasi, ukhoza kuchitika mlungu woyambirira weniweni wa maphunziro a udokotala. Ophunzira ambiri amakhala oti mwina sanaonepo mtembo wa munthu. Kuona matupi amaliseche, onyala, akudulidwa mosiyanasiyana kuti awaonetse zam’kati mwake kukhoza kukhala kofuna kusanzitsa. Ophunzira amafunika kupeza njira zowathandiza kulimba mtima. Nthawi zambiri amachita nthabwala, n’kumapatsa mtembo uliwonse dzina loseketsa. Zimenezi zingaoneke ngati kupanda chisoni ndiponso kupanda ulemu kwa munthu wongoonerera. Koma n’zofunika kwambiri kwa ophunzirawo, amene amakhala akuyesetsa kuti asamaganizire za munthu amene mtembowo unali.

Kenaka amakayamba kuphunzira ntchito m’chipatala. Anthu ambiri saganizira za kufupika kwa moyo wawo mpaka akafika zaka 40 kumapita m’tsogolo. Koma ophunzira za udokotala amaona matenda osachiritsika ndi imfa akadali achinyamata. Wophunzira wina anati zimene anaona pa masiku ake oyambirira kugwira ntchito m’chipatala zinali “zonyansa kwabasi.” Ophunzira m’mayiko olemera ndi osauka omwe akhozanso kukhumudwa kwambiri akaona kuti nthawi zambiri odwala sapatsidwa chithandizo chimene akufunikira chifukwa choti palibe ndalama zokwanira.

Kodi madokotala ongoyamba kumene ntchito  amatani kuti asamavutike maganizo? Ogwira ntchito m’chipatala nthawi zambiri amafunika kuti asamaganizire kwambiri za odwala awowo ndipo amachita zimenezi mwa kuiwala zoti odwalawo ndi anthu. M’malo monena kuti munthu wina akufunikira thandizo, ogwira ntchito m’chipatala akhoza kunena kuti, “Adokotala, m’chipinda chachiwiricho muli mwendo wothyoka.” Zimenezi zingaoneke zoseketsa ngati munthu sakudziwa chifukwa chimene chimawachititsa kufotokoza zinthu m’njira yoteroyo.

Kutopa Chifukwa cha Chisoni

Madokotala amaphunzitsidwa monga asayansi, koma ambiri amatha nthawi yawo yambiri akulankhula ndi odwala. Madokotala ena amavutika kuti asamalire odwala mwa njira imeneyi. Monga momwe tanenera poyamba pa nkhani ino, chinthu chimodzi chovuta kwambiri kwa madokotala ndicho kuuza ena uthenga womvetsa chisoni. Ena amafunika kuchita zimenezi tsiku lililonse. Anthu amene ali pamavuto nthawi zambiri amafunika kunena zimene zikuwasowetsa mtendere, ndipo madokotala amayembekezeredwa kumvetsera. Kukhala ndi anthu ankhawa ndi amantha kukhoza kukhala kotopetsa kwambiri moti madokotala ena amatopa kufika mpaka pokhala ngati akudwala chifukwa cha chisoni.

Dokotala wina ku Canada pofotokoza za masiku ake oyambirira atakhala dokotala analemba kuti: “Ndinali ndi ntchito yochuluka zedi. Panali anthu ofunika thandizo omwe anali kufuna nthawi yanga, anthu opsinjika maganizo ofuna wina woti amuuze mavuto awo, anthu odwala ofunika kuti ndiwathandize, akathyali ofuna kundinyengerera ndi kundikakamiza kuchita zofuna zawo, anthu obwera kudzandiona, anthu ondikakamiza kuti ndipite ndikawaone, anthu olankhula nane pa telefoni kunyumba kwanga, ngakhale m’chipinda changa chogona. Nthawi zonse ndinkangokhala ndi anthu, anthu, anthu. Ndinkafuna kuthandiza, koma izi zinali zinanso.”—Kuchokera m’buku lotchedwa A Doctor’s Dilemma, lolembedwa ndi John W. Holland.

Kodi kuvutika maganizoku kumachepa nthawi ikamapita? Munthu akakhala wachikulire nthawi zambiri amakhalanso ndi udindo wambiri. Nthawi zambiri amafunika kuchita msangamsanga zinthu zimene zingatanthauze moyo kapena imfa, mwina atangouzidwa mfundo zochepa chabe. Dokotala wina wa ku Britain anati: “Pamene ndinali wamng’ono, ndinalibe nazo ntchito, monga momwe achinyamata sadera nkhawa akamayendetsa galimoto mosasamala. Koma munthu ukamakula umayamba kuona kuti moyo n’chinthu chamtengo wapatali kwambiri. Masiku ano kusankha zochita ndikamachiza anthu kumandidetsa nkhawa kwambiri kuposa kale lonse.”

Kodi kuvutika maganizo kumakhudza bwanji madokotala? Chizolowezi chosakhudzidwa ndi kuvutika kwa ena chikhoza kupitirira mpaka m’banja mwako. Kupewa zimenezi kukhoza kukhala kovuta. Madokotala ena amayesetsa kukhala achifundo kwambiri pothandiza odwala omwe akuda nkhawa. Koma kodi angathandize anthu kufika mpaka pati asanatope chifukwa cha chisoni? Limeneli ndi vuto limene dokotala aliyense amakumana nalo.

Kupirira ndi Odwala Ovuta

Akafunsidwa mavuto amene amakumana nawo pothandiza odwala, madokotala nthawi zambiri amayamba n’kufotokoza odwala ovuta. Mwina munaonapo  odwala ngati amene afotokozedwa m’munsiwa.

Poyamba, pali wodwala amene amatayitsa nthawi dokotala ponena zinthu zambirimbiri m’malo mongotchula vuto limene ali nalo. Ndiyeno pali wodwala wofuna zambiri amene amaimbira foni dokotalayo usiku kapena pamapeto pa mlungu ngakhale kuti matenda ake si aakulu kapena amafuna kuti dokotala amupatse chithandizo chimene dokotalayo sakufuna kupereka. Ndiye palinso wodwala wosakhulupirira dokotala wake. Anthu ena amafufuza zinthu zokhudzana ndi matenda awo, mwina pa Intaneti, ndipo zimenezi zingakhale zothandiza. Koma kafukufuku woteroyo angawachititse kuyamba kukayikira dokotala amene apita kukaonana nayeyo. Dokotala sangakhale ndi nthawi yoti afotokoze ubwino ndi kuipa kwa zinthu zonse zomwe munthuyo wapeza pochita kafukufuku wakeyo. Dokotala amakhumudwa kwambiri ngati wodwala akukana kutsatira malangizo amene dokotalayo wamupatsa chifukwa cha kukayikira. Pomaliza pali wodwala wopupuluma. Amasiya kumwa mankhwala asanagwire ntchito, mwina n’kupita kukafuna thandizo kwina.

Koma m’madera ena a padziko lapansi, amene amavutitsa kwambiri maganizo madokotala si odwala koma maloya.

Udokotala Womwe Cholinga Chake N’kupewa Kuimbidwa Mlandu

Mayiko ambiri akunena kuti milandu yoimba madokotala chifukwa chosagwira bwino ntchito  yawo ikuchuluka. Maloya ena amaimba madokotala milandu pa zinthu zazing’ono n’cholinga choti apeze chuma. Pulezidenti wa bungwe loyang’anira madokotala ku United States lotchedwa American Medical Association anati maloya oterewa “akuchititsa kuti ndalama zimene madokotala amalipira makampani a inshuwalansi zikwere kwambiri. Milandu imeneyi imabweretsanso mavuto ena. Kwa dokotala, mlandu umene sanalakwe ungamupweteke kwambiri. Ungamuchititse manyazi, kumuwonongera nthawi, . . . kumuvutitsa maganizo, ndi kumudetsa nkhawa.” Madokotala ena mpaka afika podzipha.

Chifukwa cha zimenezi, madokotala ena amaona kuti akamathandiza odwala awo ndi bwino kuti aziganizira makamaka zoti angadzafunike kudziteteza m’khoti m’malo moganizira zimene zingathandize kwambiri wodwalayo. Magazini yotchedwa Physician’s News Digest inati: “Kugwira ntchito yaudokotala ukuganizira zoti mwina udzafunika kudziteteza, tsopano kwafala kwambiri.”

Pamene mavuto amene madokotala akukumana nawo akuchulukirachulukira, ambiri a iwo sakudziwa kuti m’tsogolomu zinthu ziwakhalira bwanji. Odwala ambiri amaganiziranso zomwezo akamaona momwe matenda enaake akuwonjezekera ngakhale kuti sayansi ya zamankhwala yapita patsogolo. Nkhani yotsatirayi isonyeza tsogolo lomwe madokotala ndi odwala omwe angayembekezeredi.

[Bokosi/Chithunzi patsamba 20]

KUCHITA ZINTHU ZOGANIZIRA DOKOTALA WANU

1. Gwiritsani ntchito bwino nthawi yomwe muli ndi dokotala pokonzekereratu momwe mukafotokozere vuto lanu momveka bwino koma mwachidule, poyamba ndi vuto lomwe likukudetsani nkhawa kwambiri

2. Pewani kuimbira foni dokotala wanu panthawi yomwe si yantchito ngati matenda ake si aakulu

3. Khalani oleza mtima. Kupeza matenda enieni omwe mukudwala ndi kuwachiritsa kumatenga nthawi

[Bokosi/Zithunzi patsamba 21]

‘NDIMASANGALALA NGAKHALE NDIKAMATHANDIZA ANTHU ODWALA MATENDA AANG’ONO’

“Zimene madokotala amachita kunoko ndi zimene zikuchitika m’madera otukuka n’zosiyana kwambiri. Kunoko, kuphunzira ntchito kumaonedwa ngati njira yothawira umphawi, choncho anthu ambiri amaphunzira ntchito yaudokotala. Koma kuli madokotala ambiri ndi ntchito yochepa. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, madokotala amalandira ndalama zochepa kwambiri. Ndi anthu ochepa okha amene angakwanitse kukaonana ndi dokotala kuchipatala cholipira. Ndimagwira ntchito m’chipatala chachikale chomwe tsindwi lake limadontha ndipo chili ndi zida zapang’ono kwambiri. Tonse amene timagwira ntchito m’chipatala muno tilipo madokotala awiri ndi manesi asanu. Timathandiza anthu 14,000.

“Nthawi zina odwala amaganiza kuti sindiwayeza mokwanira, koma ukakhala ndi odwala 25 amene akukudikira, sungakwanitse kutha nthawi yaitali ukuona munthu mmodzi. Komabe, ndikamathandiza anthu odwala ndimasangalala, ngakhale matenda ake akhale aang’ono. Mwachitsanzo, azimayi nthawi zambiri amabweretsa ana awo onyentchera, omwe atha madzi m’thupi ndiponso akutsegula m’mimba. Anawo amakhala ndi nkhope zachisoni ndiponso zankhawa. Ndimangouza mayiyo mmene angagwiritsire ntchito mchere wobwezeretsa madzi m’thupi ndi mankhwala ena opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mankhwalawa akayamba kugwira ntchito, mwanayo amayambiranso kudya. Pakatha mlungu umodzi amaoneka ngati si yemwe ujanso. Nkhope yake imakhala yosangalala, amasekerera, ndiponso amakhala akusewera. Ndinakhala dokotala chifukwa chofuna kuona zinthu ngati zimenezi.

“Kuyambira ndili mwana, ndinkaganiza zodzathandiza anthu odwala. Koma maphunziro audokotala anandisintha m’njira imene sindinkayembekezera. Ndinaona anthu akumwalira posowa ndalama zochepa chabe zofunika kuti agulire mankhwala oti akanatha kuwapulumutsa. Ndinasiya kumva chisoni kuti zinthu ngati zimenezo zisamandikhudze kwambiri. Atandionetsa m’Baibulo chifukwa chimene anthu amavutikira m’pamene ndinamvetsa chifundo cha Mulungu ndipo ndinayambiranso kumvera anthu chisoni. Nditatero m’pamene ndinayambiranso kutha kulira.”

[Zithunzi]

Dr. Marco Villegas amagwira ntchito m’tauni yomwe ili kwayokhayokha kufupi ndi mtsinje wa Amazon ku Bolivia