Dzitetezeni Kuti Musagonthe M’kutu!
Dzitetezeni Kuti Musagonthe M’kutu!
“Padziko lonse anthu opitirira 120 miliyoni ali ndi vuto la kugontha m’kutu.”—Linatero bungwe la World Health Organization.
TIYENERA kuyamikira kwambiri mphatso yathu yakuti tizitha kumva. Komabe tikamakalamba, timayamba kugontha m’kutu pang’onopang’ono. Zikuoneka kuti anthu akugontha m’kutu msanga moti masiku ano pali zinthu zambiri zosokosera. Wasayansi wina wamkulu m’bungwe loona za anthu ogontha la Central Institute for the Deaf, ku St. Louis, m’boma la Missouri, ku United States, anati: “Anthu 75 pa anthu 100 alionse amene amagontha ku America sagontha chifukwa cha kukalamba kokha koma amagonthanso chifukwa cha zinthu zosokosa kwambiri zimene akhala akumva m’moyo wawo.”
Kukhala pamalo aphokoso kwambiri kwa kanthaŵi kochepa kungathe kuwononga mbali zina zosachedwa kuwonongeka zam’kati mwa khutu. Komabe nthaŵi zambiri vuto la kugontha limabwera chifukwa cha “kukhalitsa pantchito yaphokoso, kayanso zosangalatsa zaphokoso,” anatero katswiri wa matenda a kugontha Dr. Margaret Cheesman. Kodi mungatani kuti musagonthe? Kuti tipeze yankho la funsoli ndibwino kudziŵa zimene zimachitika kuti munthu azitha kumva.
Zinthu Zimene Timamva
Zikuoneka kuti masiku ano tayamba kumamva zinthu zosokosa kwambiri kwina kulikonse. Tsiku lililonse anthu ambiri amamva zinthu zosiyanasiyana zikusokosera; kungoyambira magalimoto, mabasi, ndi zimathiraki mumsewu komanso kulira kwa makina osiyanasiyana amagetsi kuntchito.
Nthaŵi zina timawonjezera vutoli pokweza kulira kwa zinthu zimene tikumvetsera. Njira ina imene yafala kwambiri ndiyo ya kumvetsera nyimbo pawailesi za wokomani zokhala ndi mahedifoni ake. Marshall Chasin, amene anathandiza nawo kuyambitsa Zipatala za Anthu Oimba Nyimbo ku Canada, akuti atafufuza ku United States ndi ku Canada anapeza kuti achinyamata ambiri akugontha chifukwa chakuti amakweza kwambiri wailesi atavala mahedifoni.
Koma kodi akamati uku n’kusokosa kwambiri ndiye kuti limakhala phokoso lalikulu motani? Phokoso
la chinthu chilichonse chimene timamva analigaŵa mbali zitatu; kukhalitsa kwake, kukwera kwake, ndiponso mphamvu zake. Akamanena za kukhalitsa kwake amangotanthauza utali wa phokosolo. Kukwera kwa phokoso lililonse amakuyeza poona kuti phokosolo likukwera kangati pasekondi iliyonse. Phokoso losapweteka m’makutu limakwera kuyambira maulendo 20 mpaka maulendo 20,000 pasekondi imodzi.Mphamvu za phokoso, amaziyesa m’manambala amene amawatcha kuti madesibelo (dB). Anthu akamangochezetsana chabe phokoso lawo limafika pafupifupi madesibelo 60. Akatswiri a sayansi ya kumva amanena kuti mukakhalitsa pamene pali phokoso la madesibelo 85, mposavuta kuti mugonthe m’kutu. Phokoso likakula kwambiri, sizitenganso nthaŵi yaitali kuti muwonongeke m’kutu. Lipoti limene analilemba m’magazini ya Newsweek linanena kuti: “Zimatheka kumva phokoso la chida chamagetsi choboolera zinthu (lofika pa madesibelo 100) n’kukhalabe bwinobwino popanda kuwonongeka m’kutu, koma sizitheka kukhala m’nyumba ya phokoso kwambiri yoseŵereramo maseŵera a pa vidiyo (mmene mumakhala phokoso lofika pa madesibelo 110) kwa mphindi zopitirira 30 n’kusawonongeka m’kutu. Phokoso likawonjezeka ndi madesibelo 10 alionse m’kutu mumawonongeka moŵirikiza nthaŵi 10.” Atayesera anthu osiyanasiyana anapeza kuti phokoso limayamba kupweteka likafika madesibelo 120. Ndiye taganizirani kuti mawailesi ena amene anthu amamvetsera kunyumba amatha kuchita phokoso lopitirira madesibelo 140!—Onani bokosilo.
Kuti mumvetse chimene chimachititsa kuti zinthu zosokosa kwambiri ziziwononga makutu anu, tiyeni tione zimene zimachitika phokoso likaloŵa m’makutu mwanu.
Zimene Zimachitika Kuti Tizimva
Khutu lathuli linapangidwa mwakuti lizitha kusonkhanitsa phokoso la chilichonse chimene timatha kumva n’kuliloŵetsa m’kati mwa khutu, ndipo phokosoli limakafika pa mwinikhutu. Phokosoli likafika pamenepa nembanemba ya mwinikhutu imanjenjemera, ndipo zimenezi zimachititsa kuti mafupa atatu amene ali pakati pa njira yoloŵera m’kati mwenimweni mwakhutu anjenjemerenso. Kenaka phokoso la kunjenjemeraku limaloŵerera m’kati mwenimweni mwa khutu, mmene muli kathumba kokhala ndi timadzi kamene kali m’kati mwa fupa. Kenaka kunjenjemeraku kumadutsa m’timadzi tam’chigawo chokhotakhota ngati nkhono cham’kati mwa khutu chimene chimakhala n’titsitsi ting’onoting’ono tothandiza kuti tizitha kumva. Timadzi tam’chigawo chimenechi timayambitsa pamwamba pa titsitsi tija kuyamba
kutumiza mauthenga. Mauthenga ameneŵa amapita ku ubongo, ndipo ubongowu umatithandiza anthufe kudziŵa kuti limeneli ndi phokoso la chinachake.Mbali ina ya ubongo imathandiza ubongowu kuti usalabadire mapokoso enaake. Mwachitsanzo, mayi sachita chidwi ndi mapokoso alionse amene mwana amachita akamaseŵera, koma akangomva mwanayo akulira modzidzimuka amathamangirako nthaŵi yomweyo. Timamva zinthu bwinobwino chifukwa tili ndi makutu aŵiri ndipotu kumva m’njira imeneyi n’kofunika kwambiri. Kumatithandiza kudziŵa kumene kukuchokera phokoso. Komano ngati phokosoli lili phokoso la mawu omveka polankhula, ubongo umazindikira mawuwo paokhapaokha. Buku lakuti The Senses, linanena kuti, “N’chifukwa chake anthu amalephera kumva zimene munthu wina akuwauza ngati akulankhulana ndi munthu winanso pa foni.”
Mmene Kusokosera Kumawonongera M’kutu Mwathu
Kuti mungoyerekezera mmene zinthu zosokosa zimawonongera m’makutu mwathu, taganizirani chitsanzo ichi. Lipoti lina lonena za kudziteteza ku ntchito linayerekezera titsitsi timene timakhala m’kutu ndi tirigu ndipo linayerekezeranso phokoso limene limaloŵa m’makutumo ndi mphepo. Mphepo yongoti yeziyezi, monga phokoso lapansipansi, imangogwedeza nsonga za tiriguyo, koma tiriguyo sawonongeka. Komabe mphepoyo ikawomba mwamphamvu tiriguyo amaŵerama. Tiriguyo akawombedwa kwambiri ndi chimphepo chamwadzidzidzi kapenanso akamaombedwa ndi mphepo ya yeziyezi kwa nthaŵi yaitali angathe kugwa n’kuferatu.
Ndi mmenenso phokoso limawonongera titsitsi ting’onoting’ono timene tili m’kati mwa makutu. Chiphokoso cha mwadzidzidzi chingathe kuwonongeratu m’kati mwa khutu n’kusiya mabala amene amagonthetseratu makutu. Kuphatikizanso apo, kumangokhala pa malo aphokoso kwa nthaŵi yaitali kungathe kuwonongeratu titsitsi tam’kutu. Ndipo tikangowonongeka basi sitimeranso. Mapeto ake munthu angathe kumangomva timapokoso tolira ngati timaberu kapena kubangula m’kutu kapena m’mutu mwake.
Dzitetezeni Kuti Musagonthe Msanga
Ngakhale kuti matenda akumtundu kapena ngozi yadzidzidzi ingathe kuchititsa munthu kugontha, tingathe kudziteteza kuti tisagonthe msanga. Ndibwino kudziŵiratu zinthu zotha kuwononga m’kutu. Dokotala wina wa makutu anati, “kupeŵa kuposa kuchiza.”
Nthaŵi zambiri vuto limakhala njira imene timagwiritsa ntchito pomvetsera zinazake osati kwenikweni zinthu zimene timamvetserazo ayi. Mwachitsanzo, mukamagwiritsa ntchito mahedifoni amphamvu, ndibwino kutsitsako wailesiyo mwakuti mungathe kumvanso zinthu zina. Ngati wailesi ya m’galimoto kapena m’nyumba yanu ili yokwera kwambiri mwakuti anthu n’kumalephera kumvana akamacheza, ndiye kuti n’chizindikiro chakuti ingathe kukugonthetsani m’kutu. Akatswiri amachenjeza kuti kumva phokoso lokwana madesibelo 90 kwa maola aŵiri kapena atatu kungathe kuwononga makutu anu. Zida zotsekera m’makutu n’zofunika mukakhala pa malo aphokoso.
Makolo ayenera kukumbukira kuti ana sachedwa kuwonongeka m’makutu poyerekezera ndi akulu. Kumbukiraninso kuti zoseŵeretsa zaphokoso zingawagonthetse ana. Palitu zoseŵeretsa zina za ana zokhala ngati maseche zimene zingachite phokoso lokwana madesibelo 110!
Makutu athu savuta kuwonongeka, ngaang’ono ndipo anapangidwa modabwitsa kwambiri. Amatithandiza kumva zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndiponso zosangalatsa. Ndithudi n’zoona kuti mphatso yakumva yamtengo wapatali imeneyi njoyenera kuiteteza.
[Bokosi patsamba 13]
Kusokosa kwa Zinthu Zina Zodziŵika Kongoyerekezera
• Kupuma—madesibelo 10
• Kunong’ona—madesibelo 20
• Kulankhulana pocheza—madesibelo 60
• Nthaŵi yochuluka magalimoto pamsewu—madesibelo 80
• Makina osakanizira zakudya—madesibelo 90
• Kudutsa kwa sitima yapamtunda—madesibelo 100
• Sowo ya macheka yamagetsi—madesibelo 110
• Kudutsa kwa ndege ya jeti m’mwamba—madesibelo 120
• Kulira kwa mfuti yophera nyama—madesibelo 140
[Bokosi patsamba 14]
N’kutheka kuti mwayamba kugontha ngati
• Mumakweza wailesi kapena TV pamene ena akuona kuti yakwera kale kwambiri
• Kangapo konse mumauza anzanu kuti abwereze zimene anena
• Mumakonda kutchera khutu kwambiri, kuyandikira, n’kupendeketsa mutu kuti mumve zimene munthu wina akukuuzani
• Mumavutika kumva kumisonkhano kapena pamalo aphokoso, monga paphwando kapena m’sitolo imene anthu ali pakalapakala
• Nthaŵi zambiri mumadalira anzanu kuti akuuzeni zimene winawake wanena
[Chithunzi patsamba 13]
(Onani m’magazini yeniyeni kuti mumvetse izi)
Khutu
Timafupa titatu ta m’khutu
Mwinikhutu
Mitsempha yopita kuubongo
Chigawo cham’kati mwa khutu chokhotakhota ngati nkhono