Dziko la Soviet Union Liukira Chipembedzo

MGWIRIZANO wa mayiko wotchedwa Union of Soviet Socialist Republics unakhazikitsidwa mu 1922, ndipo dziko la Russia ndilo linali lalikulu kwambiri ndiponso lotsogolera mayiko anzake anayi oyambirirawo. M’kupita kwa nthaŵi mgwirizanowo unakula n’kukhala mayiko 15 amene anapanga gawo limodzi mwa magawo 6 a dziko lonse. Koma m’chaka cha 1991 mgwirizanowu unatha mwadzidzidzi. * Dziko limeneli makamaka linali loyamba kuyesa kuletseratu anthu ake kukhulupirira Mulungu.

Vladimir Lenin, amene anali mtsogoleri woyamba wa Soviet Union, anali kutsatira mfundo za Karl Marx, amene ankati Chikristu n’chopondereza anthu. Marx anati chipembedzo “chimapusitsa anthu,” ndipo pambuyo pake Lenin naye anadzanena kuti: “Kuvomereza mfundo iliyonse yokhudza chipembezo, ndiponso kukhala ndi maganizo alionse okhudza mulungu wina aliyense, . . . ndi uchitsiru wosaneneka.”

Atamwalira mtsogoleri wa tchalitchi cha Russian Orthodox, Tikhon mu 1925, tchalitchicho sanachilole kusankhanso mtsogoleri wina. Pambuyo pake anaukira chipembedzo moti matchalitchi ambiri anawagwetsa kapena kungowasandutsa nyumba wamba. Ansembe anawapititsa ku misasa ya ukapolo ndipo ambiri anafera komweko. Encyclopædia Britannica imalongosola kuti: “Pamene Joseph Stalin ankalamulira chakumapeto kwa 1920 mpaka m’ma 1930 anazunza matchalitchi kwambiri mwakuti anthu ambirimbiri anaphedwa. Pofika chaka cha 1939 mabishopu atatu kapena anayi okha a tchalitchi cha Orthodox ndi matchalitchi 100 anawalola kupembedza.”

Koma mwadzidzidzi zinthu zinasintha kwambiri.

Kupembedza M’nkhondo Yachiŵiri ya Padziko Lonse

M’chaka cha 1939, dziko la Germany lolamulidwa ndi chipani cha Nazi, lomwenso linali paubale ndi Soviet Union, linalanda dziko la Poland, n’kuyambitsa nkhondo yachiŵiri ya padziko lonse. M’chaka chimodzi chokha Soviet Union inali itayamba kulamulira mayiko 4 omalizira mwa mayiko ake 15. Mayikowa anali Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, ndi Moldavia. Komabe mu June 1941, Germany inabutsa chinkhondo chadzaoneni kulimbana ndi Soviet Union, ndipo Stalin anadzidzimuka kwambiri. Mmene chaka chimatha asilikali a Germany anali ataloŵerera mpaka kufika m’malire a mzinda wa Moscow, ndipo zinaoneka kuti Soviet Union igonja posakhalitsa.

 Pothedwa nzeru, Stalin anaganiza zosonkhanitsa anthu a m’dziko lake kuti achite nkhondo imene anthu a ku Russia anaitcha kuti Nkhondo Yaikulu Yomenyera Dziko Lathu. Stalin anadziŵa kuti matchalitchi ayenera kuwapatsa ufulu kuti anthu amuthandize pankhondoyo, pakuti ambiri ankapembedzabe. Kodi Stalin atasintha mwadzidzidzi lamulo lake lolimbana n’kupembedza chinachitika n’chiyani?

Mogwirizana ndi tchalitchi, anthu a ku Russia anawasonkhanitsa kuti akamenye nkhondo, ndipo pofika chaka cha 1945, Soviet Union inagonjetsa Germany modabwitsa kwambiri. Soviet Union itasiya kulimbana ndi zipembedzo, matchalitchi a Orthodox anachuluka n’kufika 25,000, ndipo ansembe analipo 33,000.

Zipembedzo Aziukiranso

Kwenikweni, sikuti cholinga cha atsogoleri a Soviet Union chochotseratu anthu ake maganizo akuti kuli Mulungu chinali chitasintha. Encyclopædia Britannica imati: “Nduna yaikulu, Nikita Khrushchev inayambanso kuukira zipembedzo kuyambira m’chaka cha 1959 mpaka 1964, polamula kuti matchalitchi osakwana 10,000 okha ndiwo azikhala otsegula. Mtsogoleri wina wotchedwa Pimen anasankhidwa mu 1971 pambuyo pa imfa ya Alexis, ndipo ngakhale kuti apa n’kuti matchalitchi ali ndi anthu ambiri owatsatira, tsogolo la zipembedzo linali lokayikitsabe.” *

Kenaka tilongosola mmene tchalitchi cha Russian Orthodox chinapulumukira pamene Soviet Union inachiukiranso. Nanga zipembedzo zina za ku Soviet Union zinkakhala bwanji? Kodi n’chiti mwa zipembedzo zimenezi chimene anachiukira kwambiri ndipo n’chifukwa chiyani? Tilongosola zimenezi m’nkhani yotsatirayi.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Chithunzi patsamba 11]

Lenin anati ‘kukhala ndi maganizo alionse okhudza Mulungu ndi uchitsiru wosaneneka’

[Mawu a Chithunzi]

Musée d’Histoire Contemporaine—BDIC