Mmene Nkhondo Zamasiku Ano Zilili

KAMPU ya anthu othaŵa nkhondo anaimanga mwamsangamsanga kuti anthu 1,548 akhalemo. Anthuŵa anangofika mwadzidzidzi kuchokera m’dziko lina lochitana malire ndi dziko lina mu Africa. Anakonza malo amatope pafupi ndi nkhalango yamitengo ya kanjedza n’kumangapo ndi malona abuluu ndi akhakhi. Panalibe magetsi kapena zofunda, ndipo panalibe mipope ya madzi kapena zimbudzi. Mvula inali kugwa pwatapwata. Othaŵa nkhondowo ankagwiritsa ntchito timitengo pokumba tingalande kuti madziwo asadzaze m’malonamo. Mabungwe aŵiri a padziko lonse opereka chithandizo mwamsangamsanga anagundika nayo ntchito yokonza malowo kuti anthu azikhalapo bwino.

Anthuŵa kuti afike kuno anakwera ndege yakutha yonyamula katundu pothaŵa nkhondo yomwe yawononga dziko lawo kwa zaka zambiri. Nkhondoyo sankamenyerana ndi akasinja kapena mabomba oopsa. Inayamba pamene asilikali 150 okhala ndi mfuti zoopsa analoŵa m’dzikomo ndi mkokomo. Kuyambira chaka chimenecho, asilikaliwa analanda midzi yambiri, n’kumalipiritsa anthu zinthu, kuphunzitsa anthu ena usilikali, ndi kupha aliyense wolimbana nawo. Mpaka anagonjetsa dziko lonselo.

Mayi wina wachitsikana wotchedwa Esther anali mmodzi wa othaŵa nkhondoyo. Iye anati: “Chinthu choipitsitsa m’moyo wanga ndicho kufa kwa mwamuna wanga pankhondoyi. Anamuombera. Zimachititsa mantha kwambiri. Kukamveka munthu akufuula,  umangoti basi, ndiye kuti kukubwera munthu kuti adzakuphe. Kungoona munthu atatenga mfuti, basi umangoti akudzakupha. Sindinkakhala womasuka. Ndi kuno kokha kumene ndimatha kugona usiku. Kwathu sindinkagona. Kuno ndimachita kugona tulo tofa nato ngati mwana.”

“Mumagona mpaka pamenepo m’malona onyowa ngati ameneŵa?” Anafunsa motero mtolankhani wa Galamukani!

Esther anaseka n’kuyankha kuti: “Ngakhale nditagona m’matopewa, tulo timabwera kusiyana ndi mmene zinalili kumene ndinachokera.”

Ambrose, amene ali ndi zaka khumi, wakhalira kuthaŵathaŵa nkhondo pamodzi ndi am’banja lake. Iye anati: “Ndimafuna kutakhala mtendere kuti ndikayambirenso sukulu, chifukwatu ndikukula.”

Kpana wa zaka zisanu ndi zinayi, ali ndi maso okongola ofiirira. Atamufunsa kuti n’chiyani chimene amatha kukumbukira pamene anali wamng’ono kwambiri, anayankha mosachita kuganizira; amvekere: “Ndi nkhondo! Kumenyana!”

Nkhondo ngati imene anthu ameneŵa anathaŵa yafala kwambiri m’zaka zaposachedwapa. Ena akuti mwankhondo zikuluzikulu 49 zimene zakhalapo kuyambira chaka cha 1990, 46 zamenyedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zonyamulika. Mosiyana ndi lupanga kapena ndi mkondo, zimene zimafunika luso ndiponso mphamvu pomenyana, zida zazing’ono zatheketsa osadziŵa kumenya nkhondo ndi odziŵa omwe kuzigwiritsa ntchito zidazo. * Nthaŵi zambiri achinyamata aang’ono ndiponso ana amawaphunzitsa usilikali ndi kuwakakamiza kuti azilanda anthu katundu, kuwadula ziwalo, ndiponso kuwapha.

Nkhondo zambiri zoterezi n’zapachiweniweni osati zomenyana ndi adani akunja ayi. Ankhondo ake sakhala asilikali ophunzitsidwa, koma ambiri ndi anthu wamba okhala m’mizinda, m’matawuni, ndi m’midzi. Chifukwa chakuti ambiri omenya nkhondozi ndi osaphunzitsidwa usilikali, nthaŵi zambiri amaphwanya malamulo odziŵika bwino a nkhondo. Motero, nthaŵi zambiri anthu opanda zida, abambo, amayi, ndiponso ana akhala akuvutitsidwa moopsa. Pali chikhulupiriro chakuti pankhondo zamasiku ano anthu opitirira 90 mwa anthu 100 alionse amene amaphedwa ndi anthu wamba. Pankhondo zoterezi zida zazing’ono ndiponso zida zonyamulika ndizo amazigwiritsa ntchito kwambiri.

Inde si kuti mfuti n’zimene zimayambitsa nkhondo kwenikweni, chifukwatu anthu akhala akuchita nkhondo kwa zaka zambiri asanatulukire onga wa mfuti. Komabe, nkhokwe za mfuti zimatha kulimbikitsa nkhondo m’malo mwa kukambirana. Zida zimachititsanso kuti nkhondo isathe msanga ndipo zimaphetsa anthu ambiri.

Ngakhale kuti zida zankhondo zamasiku ano n’zonyamulika, zabweretsa mavuto aakulu. M’ma 1990, zida zimenezi zinapha anthu oposa mamiliyoni anayi. Anthu ena okwana mamiliyoni 40 athaŵa nkhondo kapena asamutsidwa osafuna. Zida zazing’ono zawononga ndale, chikhalidwe, chuma, ndi malo okhala a m’mayiko mmene muli nkhondo. Mayiko onse othandizapo awononga ndalama zosaŵerengeka popereka chithandizo chamwadzidzidzi, posamalira othaŵa nkhondo, pokhazikitsa bata, ndiponso potumiza asilikali.

Kodi n’chifukwa chiyani zida zazing’ono zatenga malo chonchi pa nkhondo zamasiku ano? Kodi zimachokera kuti? Kodi n’kutani kuti zimenezi zichepe kapena zisamavulazenso anthu? Tiyankha mafunso ameneŵa m’nkhani zotsatira.

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 11]

UN PHOTO 186797/J. Isaac