Kodi “Chikhalidwe cha Imfa” Chimalimbikitsidwa Motani?

“Pali mtunda makilomita zikwizikwi pakati pa ana ovutitsidwa othaŵa kwawo ku Kosovo ndi ana a ku America amene amaona ziwawa ndiponso kukumana ndi zinthu zina zopweteka. Komabe, mtunda wa malingaliro pakati pawo sungakhale waukulu.”—Marc Kaufman, M’nyizipepala ya The Washington Post.

Kaya tifune kapena tisafune, tonsefe timakhudzidwa ndi imfa mwachindunji kapena mwanjira zina. Izi zili choncho mosasamala kanthu za komwe timakhala, kaya ndi m’dziko lodzala ndi chiwawa kapena la mtendere.

“CHIKHALIDWE cha imfa” chimaonekera mu mkhalidwe wa masiku ano wa kuwonjezeka kwa kuvutika maganizo, nsautso, kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuchotsa mimba, kudzipha, ndiponso kupulula anthu. Michael Kearl yemwe ndi pulofesa wa sayansi ya chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi miyambo yawo mu Dipatimenti ya Sociology and Anthropology pa Trinity University ku San Atonio Texas, U.S.A., analongosola za kulimbikitsa nkhani za imfa kuti: “Tikayang’ana kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka zathu za m’ma 1900 [1999], timaona kuti . . . imfa ikudziŵika kukhala mphamvu yaikulu kwambiri monga maziko a moyo, nyonga, ndiponso maziko a chikhalidwe. Imfa ndiyo imasonkhezera zipembedzo zathu, nzeru zathu, maganizo andale, maluso athu, ndiponso sayansi ya zamankhwala. Imayendetsa malonda a manyuzipepala ndi inshuwalansi, imapereka chikoka ku mapulogalamu a pa wailesi yakanema ndiponso imapititsa patsogolo ntchito za makampani.” Tiyeni tipende zitsanzo zina za mmene chikhalidwe cha imfa chimenechi chimaonekera m’nthaŵi yathu.

 Malonda a Zida Zankhondo

“Chikhalidwe cha imfa” chimaonekera tsiku ndi tsiku kudzera m’malonda a zida zankhondo. Ntchito ya zida zankhondo ndi kuphera asilikali, koma kwakukulukulu zimapha anthu wamba osalakwa, amene ena mwa iwo ndi amayi ndiponso ana. Pankhondo, kaya ikhale yapachiŵeniŵeni kapena ya mtundu wina, moyo nthaŵi zambiri umakhala wotsika mtengo. Kodi chipolopolo chimodzi cha chigaŵenga kapena cha msilikali amagula ndalama zingati?

M’mayiko ambiri, kupeza zida mosavuta kwa anthu wamba n’kochititsa mantha ndiponso kwawonjezera imfa za anthu mmodzimmodzi komanso magulu a anthu. Pambuyo pa chipolowe chowomberana pasukulu yasekondale ku Littleton, Colorado, anthu anachita zionetsero zokwiya ndi kufala kwa malonda a mfuti ndiponso kupezeka mosavuta kwa mfutizo kwa ana aang’ono. Chiŵerengero cha achinyamata ku United States amene amafa pa zipolowe n’chochititsa mantha—malinga ndi zomwe magazini ya Newsweek inanena, anthu okwanira 40 pa avareji amafa mlungu uliwonse. Ndipo 90 peresenti ya anthu ameneŵa amachita kuwawombera. Chiŵerengerochi n’chofanana ndi kupha anthu 150 chaka ndi chaka m’njira yofanana ndi zimene zinachitika ku Littleton!

Zosangalatsa

Mafilimu amapotoza nkhani ya imfa. Mwachitsanzo, filimu ingakonzedwe kuti izionetsa chiwerewere, chiwawa, kuzembetsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kapena uchigaŵenga monga zinthu zabwino, motero mtengo wa moyo ndiponso kufunika kwa mfundo za khalidwe labwino zimatsika. Pali mafilimu amene amaonetsa chikondi cha mu imfa, akumaonetsa moyo woyerekeza wa pambuyo pa imfa ndiponso anthu ena amene amati amabwera kuchokera kwa akufa kudzachezera amoyo. Zonsezi n’zongofuna kupeputsa imfa basi.

Ndi mmenenso zilili ndi mapulogalamu ena a pa wailesi yakanema ndiponso nyimbo. Malinga ndi zimene malipoti a nyuzi amanena, anyamata aŵiri aja amene anapha anthu ku Littleton anali otsatira a woimba nyimbo za rock amene watchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha “maonekedwe apaŵiri okhala ngati mwamuna kwinaku angati mkazi, zithunzithunzi zausatana,” ndiponso nyimbo zokhala ndi “mitu ya nkhani za kupanduka ndi imfa.”

Ku United States, njira zosankhira mapulogalamu a pa wailesi yakanema oyenera misinkhu yosiyanasiyana anaikonzanso pofuna kuteteza ana ang’onoang’ono kuti asamaonere zinthu zimene zingawawononge. Zotsatira zake zakhala zobweza zinthu m’mbuyo. Jonathan Alter, m’nyuzipepala ya Newsweek, analemba kuti “njira imeneyi ingachititse ana kumafunafuna kwambiri zosangalatsa zoletsedwazo.” Iye anawonjezera kuti, pofuna kuchititsa manyazi komanso kuumiriza amene akukhudzidwa, kuti achepetse chiwawa m’zoulutsira nkhani, pulezidenti Clinton ayenera kulengeza poyera mayina a makampani aakulu ndiponso (akuluakulu amakampaniwo)” amene samangopanga mafilimu oonetsa kubayana ndi mipeni, ndi kujambula nyimbo za mtundu wa gangsta rap, komanso amene amapanga maseŵero a pa kompyuta amene amalola ana kuti “aziphadi anthu.”

Imfa M’maseŵero a pa Vidiyo ndi pa Intaneti

M’buku lake lotchedwa The Deathmatch Manifesto, Robert Waring akufotokoza za kutchuka kwa maseŵero amene amawatcha kuti maseŵero a imfa. * A Waring akukhulupirira kuti pali kagulu kamseri ka oseŵera maseŵeroŵa. Maseŵero ameneŵa amakhudzadi mtima zedi, komabe sikuti amaphunzitsa zabwino koma zakupha basi. A Waring ananena kuti, “umaseŵera ndi munthu weniweni amene ali kwinakwina kulikonse padziko lapansi, ndipo kuti usonyeze kuti ndiwedi katundu, pamakhala chamuna. N’kwapafupi zedi kuti munthu akopeke kumaseŵera nawo maseŵeroŵa.” Achinyamata amakopeka ndi mphamvu ya zithunzi zonyenga zokonzedwa kuti zizioneka zikulimbana koopsa. Akakhala alibe Intaneti, anthu ena amagula maseŵeroŵa kuti akawaseŵere pa wailesi yakanema kunyumba. Anthu ena mwachizoloŵezi amapita ku malo amene amabwereketsa maseŵero a pa Vidiyo n’kukamenyana ‘koopsa’ mpaka imfa ndi oseŵera ena.

Ngakhale kuti “maseŵero a imfa” ali m’magulu malinga ndi zaka za oseŵerawo, zoona zake n’zakuti anthu sasala kwenikweni zimenezi. Mnyamata wina wa zaka 14 dzina lake Eddie wa ku United States ananena kuti: “Nthaŵi zambiri anthu amakuuza  kuti udakali mwana, koma sakuletsa kugula [maseŵerowo].” Iyeyu amakonda seŵero mmene anthu amawomberana ndi mfuti za m’manja. Ngakhale kuti makolo ake amadziŵa zimenezi ndipo amadana nazo, si kaŵirikaŵiri kukaona ngati iyeyo akuseŵera maseŵerowo. Wachinyamata wina anafikira ponena kuti: “Mbadwo wathu ndiwo waposa mibadwo ina yonse pa kusaopa chiwawa. Masiku ano ma TV ndiwo akulera ana kuposa makolo, ndipo wailesi yakanema ndiyo ikuchititsa ana kukhala ndi zikhumbo zachiwawa.” John Leland analemba m’nyuzipepala ya Newsweek kuti: “Popeza kuti tsopano achinyamata oposa 11 miliyoni [a ku United States] amagwiritsa ntchito makompyuta, nthaŵi yambiri yamoyo wawo wakusinkhuka imathera m’mikhalidwe imene makolo ambiri sangaikwanitse.”

Mikhalidwe Imene Imatsogolera ku Imfa

Bwanji nanga za mikhalidwe ina kunjaku kupatulapo “maseŵero a imfa” ndi mafilimu achiwawa? Ngakhale kuti m’moyo weniweni sitichita mpikisano wamaferano ndi zolengedwa zina zachilendo, komabe anthu ambiri amachita khalidwe lodziwononga. Mwachitsanzo, mosasamala kanthu za chilimbikitso cha banja, zipatala, ndi akuluakulu ena a boma amene amachenjeza za kuopsa kosuta fodya ndi kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mikhalidweyi ikuwonjezekabe. Nthaŵi zambiri mikhalidweyi imachititsa kuti munthu afe msanga. Pofuna kuwonjezera mapindu akatangale, makampani akuluakulu ndiponso anthu ozembetsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo akupitirizabe kupezerapo mwayi pa nkhaŵa, kusoŵa chiyembekezo, ndiponso umphaŵi wauzimu umene anthu ali nawo.

Kodi Akuchititsa Zonsezi Ndani?

Kodi Baibulo limasonyeza kuti imfa ndi nkhani yosangalatsa? Kodi mikhalidwe imene ingatiphetse n’njovomerezeka? Ayi ndithu. Kwa Akristu oona, monga mtumwi Paulo, imfa ili ngati “mdani.” (1 Akorinto 15:26) Akristu saona imfa monga chinthu chosiririka ndi chosangalatsa ayi, m’malo  mwake, amaiona monga chinthu chotsutsana ndi chilengedwe, chotsatira chenicheni cha tchimo ndi kupandukira Mulungu. (Aroma 5:12; 6:23) Imfa siinali konse chifuno choyambirira cha Mulungu kwa anthu.

Satana ndiye akutchulidwa kuti ali ndi “mphamvu ya imfa.” Iye amatchedwa kuti “wambanda,” osati chifukwa chakuti ndiye akuchititsa imfa mwachindunji, koma chifukwa chakuti amaichititsa pogwiritsa ntchito bodza, kunyengerera anthu kuchita tchimo, kuchirikiza khalidwe loipa limene limatulutsa imfa, ndiponso kulimbikitsa mzimu wakupha m’maganizo ndi m’mitima ya amuna, akazi, ndi ana omwe. (Ahebri 2:14, 15; Yohane 8:44; 2 Akorinto 11:3; Yakobo 4:1, 2) Komabe, kodi n’chifukwa chiyani achinyamata ndiwo kwenikweni ali pangozi? Kodi tingatani kuti tiwathandize?

[Mawu a M’munsi]

[Chithunzi patsamba 7]

“Mbadwo wathu ndiwo waposa mibadwo ina yonse pa kusaopa chiwawa”