Martin Luther: Tshivuaye ne bumpianyi buende

TSHIKANDAKANDA tshia Time tshiakamba ne: “Batu bambe ne: mbafunde mikanda ya bungi idi yakula bua [Martin Luther] kupita bua muntu mukuabu yonso, pa kumbusha mikanda idibu bafunde bua mfumuende, Yezu Kristo.” Mêyi ne bienzedi bia Luther biakalela Dishintuluka, divua muanda wakenzeka mu malu a ntendelelu udibu bamba ne: “dishintuluka dinene mu mianda ya bantu.” Mushindu’eu ke wakambuluishaye bua kushintulula nsombelu mujima wa malu a ntendelelu ku Mputu ne bua kukoma mianda ya mu tshikondo tshia Moyen Âge mu tshitupa tshia buloba etshi. Luther wakambuluisha kabidi bua kujadika mfundilu wa tshiena-Allemagne. Bible uvuaye mukudimune ke utshidi bantu ba bungi babala mu muakulu wa tshiena-Allemagne.

Martin Luther uvua muntu wa mushindu kayi? Mmunyi muvuaye mufike ku dishintuluisha malu a ku Mputu nunku?

Luther udi ulua mushikuluji munene

Martin Luther uvua muledibue mu Eisleben, mu ditunga dia Allemagne, mu ngondo wa Kasuabanga 1483. Nansha muvua tatuende muikale muena mudimu mu kabanda ka tshiamu tshia mitaku, wakenza muende muonso bua kulongeshisha Martin tulasa tuimpe. Mu tshidimu tshia 1501, Martin wakabanga kulonga mu Iniversite wa Erfurt. Mu tshilaminu tshia mikanda tshia tshilongelu tshia Iniversite eu ke muaba uvua Martin mubadile Bible bua musangu wa kumpala. Wakamba ne: “Mukanda eu wakansankisha bikole be, ne mvua njinga bua kupeta diakalenga dia kuikala ne mukanda wa buena eu dimue dituku.”

Pavuaye ne bidimu 22, Luther wakabuela mu nzubu wa badiambike wa Augustin mu Erfurt. Pashishe wakalonga mu Iniversite wa Wittenberg, kupetaye dipoloma dia bu-doktere mu malu a teoloji. Luther uvua udimona ne: kavua muakanyine dianyisha dia Nzambi nansha ne uvua imue misangu upeta dibungama dikole bua kuondo kende ka muoyo kavua kamupisha. Kadi dilonga dia Bible, masambila ne dielangana meji biakamuambuluisha bua kupeta ngumvuilu muimpe wa mushindu udi Nzambi wangata benji ba mpekatu. Luther wakajingulula ne: dianyisha dia Nzambi kabatu badipeteladi to. Kadi, Nzambi utu wanyisha aba badi bamuitabuja ku diambuluisha dia bulenga buende budi kabuyi butuakanyine.​—Lomo 1:16; 3:23, 24, 28.

Mmunyi muakafika Luther ku dimanya ne: ngumvuilu wende mupiamupia uvua muimpe? Kurt Aland, mulongeshi wa miyuki ya malu a ekeleziya wa kumpala ne a dikebulula dia malu mu mikanda ya Dipungila Dipiadipia, wakafunda ne: “Wakelangana meji bua Bible mujima bua kujadika bikala dimanya divuaye ufuma ku dipeta divua mua kushala dijalame bu buobu mua kudifuanyikija ne malu makuabu adi Bible muambe, ne wakasangana ne: Bible uvua ujadika tshivuaye muambe miaba yonso.” Dilongesha dia dibingishibua anyi dia lupandu ku diambuluisha  dia ditabuja pamutu pa bienzedi, peshi konfesiyo, diakashala tshipanda tshia nshindamenu tshia malongesha a Luther.

Wakafika munda bua muanda wa dijikijilangana dia mpekatu

Ngumvuilu wa Luther wa mushindu udi Nzambi umona benji ba mpekatu wakamukebela bilumbu ne Ekeleziya Katolike wa bena Lomo. Tshikondo atshi bantu ba bungi bavua bitabuja ne: kunyima kua lufu, benji ba mpekatu bavua ne bua kupeta dinyoka munkatshi mua tshikondo kampanda. Kadi, bavua bamba ne: pape uvua wipidija tshikondo atshi pavuaye ujikijila muntu mpekatu buobu bamupeshe mfranga. Bantu bavua bakeba makuta bua kujikijilangana mpekatu bu mudi Johnn Tetzel, uvua muleji-mpala wa Muepiskopo munene Albert wa mu tshimenga tshia Mainz, wakatungunuka ne kuenda mushinga eu uvua upetesha mfranga ya bungi wa disumbisha bantu dibabuikidila dia mpekatu. Ba bungi bavua bamona dijikijilangana mpekatu bu tshieya tshia se: kabavua mua kuenza kabidi mpekatu matuku atshivua alua.

Disumbisha dia dijikijilangana dia mpekatu diakafikisha Luther munda. Uvua mumanye ne: bantu kabena mua kumvuangana mushinga wa tshintu kampanda ne Nzambi to. Mu muvu wa automne wa tshidimu tshia 1517, wakafunda mikanda yende 95 miende lumu idibu babikila ne: thèses, muvuaye upisha ekeleziya bua ditulakaja mfranga, dinyakaja malongesha ne malu a ntendelelu. Bua kukankamija dishintuluka pamutu pa buntomboji, Luther wakatuma imue ya ku mikanda yende eyi kudi Muepiskopo munene Albert wa mu Mainz ne kudi bashikuluji bakuabu bavule. Bafundi ba bungi ba miyuki ya kale badi bamba ne: mu tshidimu tshia 1517 anyi mu bidimu abi ke muakatuadija Dishintuluka kuenzeka.

Luther kavua nkayende to bua kudiabakena bua malu mabi a ekeleziya. Bidimu lukama kumpala, mushintuludi wa malu a ntendelelu mu ditunga dia Tchèque, Jan Hus, ukavua mupishe pende disumbisha dia dijikijilangana dia mpekatu adi. Nansha kumpala kua Hus, John Wycliffe wa mu ditunga dia Angleterre ukavua muambe ne: bimue bilele bivua ekeleziya Katolike mulamate kabivua bia mu Bible to. Bantu ba mu tshikondo tshia Luther bu mudi Érasme wa mu tshimenga tshia Rotterdam ne Tyndale wa mu Angleterre bakankamija dishintuluka dia malu enda, a ntendelelu. Kadi tshiamu tshia dipatula natshi mikanda tshivua ne maleta enda tshipatula kudi Johannes Gutenberg mu ditunga dia Allemagne tshiakambuluisha bua dîyi dia Luther kumvuikadi mutantshi mule ne bukole bua bungi kupita mêyi a bakuabu bavua bashintulule pabu malu a ekeleziya.

Tshiamu tshia dipatula natshi mikanda tshia Gutenberg tshivua mu Mainz bavua bapatula natshi mikanda mu tshidimu tshia 1455. Ku ntuadijilu kua bidimu bia 1500, kuvua biamu bia dipatula nabi mikanda mu bimenga 60 bia ditunga dia Allemagne ne mu matunga makuabu 12 a ku Mputu. Bua musangu wa kumpala, bantu ba tshianana bavua mua kumanya ne lukasa malu a mushinga mukole avua abatangila. Pamu’apa kabiyi ku dianyisha diende, bakapatula ne kuabanya mikanda ya Luther 95 ya thèses. Tshilumbu tshia dishintulula dia ekeleziya katshivua kabidi tshitangila anu ditunga diabu nkayadi to. Tshiakalua muanda uvua mutangalake bikole, ne Martin Luther wakalua diakamue muntu uvua muende lumu bikole mu ditunga dijima dia Allemagne.

“Dîba ne ngondo” bidi bijukila kuulu

Munkatshi mua bidimu bia bungi, matunga a ku Mputu avua ku bukokeshi bua malongolodi abidi a bukole: Ampire Munsantu wa bena Lomo ne Ekeleziya Katolike wa bena Lomo. Hanns Lilje, mulombodi wa kale wa Nsangilu wa balondi ba Luther, wakumvuija ne: “Amperere ne pape bavua tshintu tshimue bu mudi dîba ne ngondo.” Kadi kuvua dielakana dia bungi bua kumanya uvua dîba ne uvua ngondo. Ku ntuadijilu kua bidimu bia 1500, malongolodi onso abidi aa akavua  mapitshishe tshikondo tshiawu tshia butumbi. Lungenyi lua dishintuluka lukavua lutangalake luye kule bikole.

Pape Léon X wakajukila kulu pakumvuaye bua malongesha 95, wakakana bua kuipata Luther mu ekeleziya pavuaye kayi ulekela to. Bu muvuaye ne dikima, Luther wakuosha patoke mukanda uvua pape mumufundile umukanyinamu, ne wakapatula mikanda mikuabu ivua ikankamija banene bua kushintulula malu a ekeleziya nansha pape yeye kayi muitabe. Mu tshidimu tshia 1521, Pape Léon X wakipata Luther mu ekeleziya. Pakabenga Luther wamba ne: bavua bamupishe kabayi bamuteleje bimpe, Amperere Charles V wakamubikila bua kuluaye mu tshipangu anyi tshisangilu tshia banene ba mu ampire tshivua ne bua kuenzekela mu tshimenga tshia Worms. Luendu lua Luther lua matuku 15, kumbuka mu Wittenberg bua kuya ku Worms mu ngondo wa Tshisanga 1521 luvua bu luendu lua butshimunyi. Bantu bonso bavua bakuate ku tshiende, ne bantu ba miaba yonso bavua bakebe bua kumumona.

Mu tshimenga tshia Worms, Luther wakimana kumpala kua amperere, kua banene ne kua baleji-mpala ba pape. Bakavua balumbuluishe Jan Hus mushindu wa muomumue eu mu Constance mu tshidimu tshia 1415 ne kumuoshilabu ku mutshi. Bu muvua bena mu ekeleziya bashale batangija mêsu abu anu kudiye, Luther wakabenga bua kupingana tshianyima, wamba ne: anu baluishi bende buobu bajadike ne Bible ne: uvua muenze tshilema. Kadi kakuvua muntu uvua mua kudielekeja nende mu dimanya dia Mifundu Minsantu to. Mukanda udibu babikila ne: Dimanyisha dia mu Worms wakafila tshipeta tshia dilumbuluisha edi. Bakambamu ne: Luther uvua ntomboji ne buobu kukandika mikanda yende. Muipata mu ekeleziya kudi pape, eku muelela mikandu kudi amperere, Luther uvua mpindieu mu njiwu ya lufu.

Pashishe malu akalua kushintuluka mu mushindu uvua kauyi muelela meji to. Luther pavuaye mu luendu luende upingana ku Wittenberg, bakamukuata bia tshidingishilu kudi bantu batuma kudi muena muoyo muimpe Frédéric wa mu Saxe. Bualu ebu buakambuluisha Luther bua kabamukuatshi kudi baluishi bende to. Bakateka Luther mu nzubu uvua muaba musokome mu Wartburg, muakashilaye muedi ne kuangataye dîna dikuabu, dia munyampala uvuabu babikila ne: “chevalier Georges.”

Bantu badi bakeba Bible wa Kabitende bikole

Mu ngondo dikumi yakalonda, Luther uvua musombele mu nzubu wa mu Wartburg bu muntu munyeme amperere ne pape. Mukanda kampanda (Welterbe Wartburg) udi umvuija ne: “matuku avuaye mu Wartburg avua munkatshi mua bikondo bidiye mutambe kuenza ne kupatula bintu bia bungi menemene.” Wakajikija tshimue tshia ku bintu bitambe bunene bivuaye muenze: dikudimuna dia mifundu ya mu tshiena-Gelika mu tshiena-Allemagne. Bakapatula mukanda eu mu ngondo wa Kabitende 1522 kabayi balejamu ne: Luther ke uvua muufunde to, ke kuluabu kuubikila ne: Bible wa Kabitende. Mushinga wawu uvua wa mfranga ya florin 1 1/2, mbuena kuamba ne: mfranga bungi bua muomumue ne difutu dia tshidimu tshijima dia diboyi dia kumbelu. Nansha nanku, bantu ba bungi menemene bavua bakeba Bible wa Kabitende. Mu ngondo 12, bakapatula Bible eyi 6 000 mu mpatuidi ibidi, ne mpatuidi mikuabu mitue ku 69 ivua ne bua kulonda mu bidimu 12 bivua bilua kumpala.

Mu tshidimu tshia 1525, Martin Luther wakasela Catherine de Bora, uvua mudiambike kumpala. Catherine uvua mumanye mudimu wa nzubu bimpe be, ne uvua mumanye mua kukumbaja malu avua kalolo ka bayende kalomba. Pa kumbusha mukajende ne bana basambombo bakalelabu, mu dîku dia Luther muvua kabidi balunda, bashikuluji ne bena tshimuangi. Ku ndekelu kua muoyo wende Luther  wakapeta lumu lua bungi bua dikala mufidi wa mibelu uvua bashikuluji bavua basombele kuende bateleja ne mutshi wa mukanda ku bianza ne dibeji bua kufunda bivuaye wamba. Bakasangisha malu avuaye wamba akafundabu au mu mukanda uvua ne tshiena-bualu tshia se: Luthers Tischreden (Muyuki wa Luther ku mesa). Munkatshi mua tshikondo kampanda, mukanda eu wakatangalaka bikole mu tshiena-Allemagne, baupite anu kudi Bible.

Uvua ne tshipedi tshia dikudimuna ne ufunda bivule

Ku ntuadijilu kua 1534, Luther ukavua mujikije nkudimuinu wende wa Mifundu ya tshiena-Ebelu. Uvua mumanye mua kutshintshija mfundilu, tshikuma ne miaku ivuaye wangata. Ke bualu kayi Bible au bavua bamumvua ne kudi bantu ba tshianana. Bua bidi bitangila mushindu wende wa dikudimuna, Luther wakafunda ne: “Tudi ne bua kuyikila ne mamu mu nzubu muende, bana badi mu njila ne muntu yonso wa tshianana mu tshisalu, kuteleja ne ntema mushindu udibu bakula ne pashishe kukudimuna.” Bible wa Luther wakambuluisha bua kujadika ngakuilu mupungakane wakaluabu kuanyisha mu Allemagne mujima.

Tshipedi tshia Luther tshia dikudimuna tshivua tshienda pamue ne dimanya diende dia mufundi wa dilambu. Badi bamba ne: uvua ufunda tshiena-bualu kampanda tshile mbingu yonso ibidi mu matuku ende onso a muoyo. Bimue bia ku biena-bualu ebi bivua ne makokangana anu bu muvua nawu eu uvua mubifunde. Bikala mikanda yende ya ku ntuadijilu ivua ne ngakuilu uvua utapa ku muoyo, bukulakaje kabuvua bushintulule nansha kakese mfundilu wende eu to. Mikanda yakaluaye kufunda panyima yakalua ne ngakuilu mushile menemene. Bilondeshile nkonga-miaku kampanda (Lexikon für Theologie und Kirche), mikanda ya Luther idi ileja “dinekesha dia tshiji tshiende” ne “dipangila dia budipuekeshi ne dinanga,” kabidi ne “dijinga dikole dia kukumbaja tshivuaye wenza.”

Pakajula babidime mvita ne kushipabu bantu banene ba bungi, bakakonka Luther tshivuaye umona bua buntomboji ebu. Babidime aba bavuaku babinge bua kudiabakena bua malu avua banene babu benza anyi? Luther kakakeba bua bantu bashale anu ku luseke luende pa kufila diandamuna divua disankisha ba bungi nansha. Uvua mumanye ne: basadidi ba Nzambi badi ne bua kutumikila aba badi bakokesha. (Lomo 13:1) Luther wakamba kayi udisuma mênu ku ludimi ne: bavua ne bua kujikija buntomboji abu ne basalayi. Wakamba ne: “Yonso udi mua kutapa, kukuma ne kushipa enze nanku.” Hanns Lilje wakamona ne: diandamuna divua Luther mufile diakamujimijila “musangu au tshitupa tshinene tshimuepele tshia bantu bavua ku tshiende.” Kabidi, mikanda ivua yakula bua bena Yuda yakalua Luther kupatula ku ndekelu ivua yakula bua bena Yuda bavua babenge kuitabuja Buena-Kristo, nangananga mukanda wa Bua bena Yuda ne mashimi abu, mmifikishe bantu ba bungi ku diangata muyifundi bu muluishi wa bena Yuda.

Bumpianyi bua Luther

Dishintuluka, diakatuadijabu kudi bantu bu mudi Luther, Calvin ne Zwingli, diakafikisha ku dipatula tshitendelelu tshipiatshipia tshidibu babikila ne: Buena-Mishonyi. Bumpianyi bunene budi Luther mushile Ekeleziya wa bena Mishonyi buvua dilongesha diende dinene dia dibingishibua ku diambuluisha dia ditabuja. Yonso wa ku provense ya mu Allemagne wakalonda eu Mishonyi eu Katolike. Bena Mishonyi bakatangalaka ne kupetabu bantu ba bungi mu ditunga dia Scandinavie, Suisse, Angleterre ne mu Pays-Bas. Lelu ekeleziya wa bena Mishonyi udi ne bantu miliyo mivule.

 Bantu bavule badi kabayi bitaba malongesha onso a Luther batshidi bamuangata ne mushinga wa bungi. Tshitupa tshivua kumpala République démocratique d’Allemagne, tshivua tshitabe bua Eisleben, Erfurt, Wittenberg ne Wartburg babuelamu, tshiakasekelela mufikilu wa 500 wa diledibua dia Luther mu tshidimu tshia 1983. Mbulamatadi eu wa ba-Socialiste wakamuangata bu muntu wa pa buende mu miyuki ne nshidimukilu ya ditunga dia Allemagne. Kabidi, muena teoloji mukuabu wa mu Katolike wa mu bidimu bia 1980 wakamba mu tshikoso bua malu a Luther ne: “Kakuena muntu nansha umue wakalua panyima pa Luther uvua mua kufuanangana nende.” Mulongeshi Aland yeye wakafunda ne: “Tshidimu tshionso kutu mikanda mipiamipia mitue ku 500 idi yakula bua Martin Luther ne bua Dishintuluka, ne mikanda eyi itu ipatuka mu miakulu minene ya pa buloba pabuipi ne yonso.”

Martin Luther uvua ne lungenyi lutue ne meji a bungi, uvua mushikuluje miaku ne uvua muenji wa mudimu wa dilambu. Uvua kabidi mupange lutulu ne muntu wa kapeja kavule, ne uvua wenza malu ne tshiji tshikole bua bualu buonso buvuaye umona bua lubombo. Pakavua Luther upunga ne lufu mu Eisleben mu ngondo wa Luishi 1546, balunda bende bakamuebeja bikalaye uvua anu mulamate ku malongesha ende anu muvuaye mualongeshe bantu. Wakandamuna ne: “Eyowa.” Luther wakafua, kadi bantu ba bungi batshidi balamate ku mayisha ende.

[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 27]

Luther wakabenga disumbisha dijikijilangana dia mpekatu

[Mêyi a dianyisha]

Mit freundlicher Genehmigung: Wartburg-Stiftung

[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 28]

Luther wakabenga bua kupingana tshianyima, wamba ne: anu baluishi bende buobu bajadike ne Bible ne: uvua muenze tshilema

[Mêyi a dianyisha]

Biangatshila mu mukanda wa The Story of Liberty, 1878

[Bimfuanyi mu dibeji 29]

Nzubu uvua Luther musombele mu Wartburg, muakakudimuinaye Bible

[Mêyi a dianyisha]

Bimfuanyi bionso bibidi: Mit freundlicher Genehmigung: Wartburg-Stiftung

[Mêyi a dianyisha bua tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 26]

Biangatshila mu mukanda wa Martin Luther Reformer, Mpatuidi 3, mupatula kudi Toronto Willard Tract Depository, Toronto, Ontario

[Mêyi a dianyisha bua tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 30]

Biangatshila mu mukanda wa mu Anglais wa The History of Protestantism (Vol. I)