Baruki—Kalemba wa Cishinka uwa kwa Yeremia

BUSHE mwalimwishiba “Baruki mwana Neria”? (Yeremia 36:4) Nangu cingatila alumbulwa fye mu fipandwa fine mu Baibolo, ababelenga Baibolo balimwishiba bwino ukuti ali kalemba kabili cibusa uo kasesema Yeremia atemenwe sana. Imyaka ya kulekeleshako 18 iya bufumu bwa Yuda yalyafishe nga nshi, kabili pali iyi nshita Yeremia na Baruki balebombela pamo mpaka na lintu abena Babiloni baonawile Yerusalemu mu 607 B.C.E., kabili mu myaka yakonkelepo, bonse babili babutukile ku Egupti.

Mu myaka ya nomba line balisanga icikakatikilo ice loba ica mu mwanda wa myaka uwalenga 7 B.C.E. apalembwa ukuti, “Ca kwa Kalemba Berekhyahu [ishina lya kwa Baruki mu ciHebere], mwana Neriyahu [ishina lya kwa Neria mu ciHebere].” Aya mashiwi yalilenga abasoma ukufwaya ukwishiba ifingi pali uyu muntu uwalumbulwa mu Baibolo. Bushe Baruki ali nani? Bushe afumine ku lupwa lwa musango nshi? Bushe ali uwasambilila, kabili ni ncito nshi alebomba? Ukushipa kwakwe ilyo alebomba na Yeremia kutweba cinshi pali ena? Finshi twingasambilila kuli ena? Pa kuti tusange ifyasuko lekeni tubebete ifyo Baibolo ilandapo, ne fyo ilyashi ilya kale lilanda pali Baruki.

Ulupwa Afumineko e lyo ne Ncito Alebomba

Abasoma abengi batontonkanya ukuti Baruki afumine mu lupwa lwa bakankaala ulwa bakalemba ba mu musumba wa Yuda. Balalanda imilandu iyalekanalekana iilanga ico batontonkanishishe fyo. Ku ca kumwenako, ilyashi lya mu Baibolo lilumbula Baruki ukubomfya ilumbo lya ukuti “kalemba.” Baibolo ilalumbula na Seraya munyina ukuti ali ni cilolo wacindikwe mwi sano lya Imfumu Sidekia.—Yeremia 36:32; 51:59.

Philip J. King uushula ifya kushulashula alemba pali bakalemba ba mu nshiku sha kwa Yeremia ukuti: “Bakalemba, bali bantu abasambilila sana, kabili balicindikwe sana mu Yuda mu myaka ya kulekelesha iya mu mwanda wa myaka uwalenga 7 na 6 B.C.E. . . . Ababomfi ba mfumu abacindikwe sana ebo balepeela ili lumbo.”

Na kabili, ilyashi lyaba muli Yeremia icipandwa 36, ilyo twalalandapo sana, lilanda ukuti Baruki aleumfwana ne mpanda mano sha mfumu kabili balemusuminisha ukubomfya umuputule wa kulilamo, nelyo umuputule wa kulonganinamo bacilolo uwa kwa Gemaria uwali cilolo wa mfumu. Uwasoma Baibolo James Muilenberg alanda umulandu alandila ifyo ukuti: “Baruki aleingila mu muputule wa kulonganinamo bakalemba pantu alikwete insambu kabili na o ali pali bacilolo ba mfumu abalesangwako lyonse ilyo balebelenga icimfungwa. Na o ali ni cilolo wa mfumu.”

Icitabo ca Corpus of West Semitic Stamp Seals cilanda pali Baruki ukutila: “Apo ibumba apalembwa ifilanda pali Berekhyahu lyasangilwe pamo na yambi ayengi ayalelanda pali bacilolo abacindikwa nga nshi, kanshi kuti twasosa ukuti Baruki nelyo Berekhyahu alebomba imilimo imo ine nge yo bacilolo ba mfumu balebomba.” Ifyebo ifyalembelwe kale filanda ukuti nalimo Baruki na munyina Seraya bali ni bacilolo ba mfumu abaletungilila kasesema wa busumino Yeremia mu nshita shayafya ilyo Yerusalemu ashilaonaulwa.

 Ifyo Abengi Baletungilila Yeremia

Nga kukonka imyaka ifi fyalecitika, Baruki alumbulwa umuku wa kubalilapo muli Yeremia icipandwa 36, umu mwali ni mu “mwaka uwalenga ine kuli Yehoyakimu,” nelyo ilyo 625 B.C.E. ishilafika. Pali iyi nshita Yeremia ninshi alibomba pali bukasesema pa myaka 23.—Yeremia 25:1-3; 36:1, 4.

Pali ilya ine nshita Yehova aebele Yeremia ukuti: “Buulo mufungilo, no kulembapo ifyebo fyonse ifyo nasosa kuli iwe pali Israele na pali Yuda na pa nko shonse, . . . ukufuma mu nshiku sha kwa Yoshia, ukufika na kuli buno bushiku. Na o Yeremia aitile Baruki mwana Neria, ukuti alembe pa mufungilo ifyebo fyonse ifya kwa Yehova ifyo amwebele.”—Yeremia 36:2-4.

Mulandu nshi Baruki bamwitile? Yeremia amwebele ukuti: “Ine nalifungwa, nafilwo kwingila mu ng’anda ya kwa Yehova.” (Yeremia 36:5) Napamo Yeremia balimukeenye ukwingila mu lubansa lwe tempele umo ubukombe bwa kwa Yehova bwali no kubelengwa, nalimo ni pa mulandu wa kuti ubukombe ubo Yehova alandiile muli Yeremia pa kubala bwalikalifye bakateka. (Yeremia 26:1-9) Ukwabula no kutwishika Baruki alepepa Yehova no mweo onse kabili “acitile conse ico Yeremia kasesema amwebele.”—Yeremia 36:8.

Calisendele inshita ikalamba sana ukulemba ukusoka ukwapeelwe ukucila pa myaka 23, nalimo Yeremia na o alelolela iyi nshita. Lelo mu November nelyo December 624 B.C.E., Baruki mu kushipa “abelengele mwi buuku ifyebo fya kwa Yeremia mu ng’anda ya kwa Yehova, mu muputule wa kwa Gemaria . . . , mu matwi ya bantu bonse.”—Yeremia 36:8-10.

Mikaya mwana Gemaria, aebele bawishi na bacilolo bambi ifyacitike, kabili baitile Baruki ku kwisabelenga umufungilo mu matwi ya bantu umuku walenga bubili. Icalembwa citila: “Nomba, ilyo baumfwile ifyebo fyonse, baloleshenye nabekatwo mwenso, no kutila kuli Baruki, ‘Ukweba tuleebe mfumu ifyebo ifi fyonse. . . . Kabiye, kafisame, iwe na Yeremia; kabili mwileka muntu eshibe uko muli.’”—Yeremia 36:11-19.

Ilyo Imfumu Yehoyakimu yaumfwile ifyebo fya kwa Yeremia ifyo Baruki alembele, bukali bukali yalepwile umufungilo no kuupoosa mu mulilo, kabili yaebele ababomfi baiko ukwikata Yeremia na Baruki. Ilyo babeleme Yehova alibebele ukulemba umufungilo na umbi —Yeremia 36:21-32.

Ukwabula no kutwishika Baruki alishibe ukuti mwali ubwafya mu kubomba uyu mulimo. Afwile alishibe ukuti imyaka yafumineko balepanga ukwipaya Yeremia. Na kabili afwile alyumfwile icacitikile Uria, uo Imfumu Yehoyakimu yaipeye pa mulandu wa kuti alesesema ‘umwabelele fyebo fyonse ifya kwa Yeremia.’ Nangu cali fyo, Baruki tatiinine, aliipeeleshe ukubomfya ukulamuka kwakwe ukwa bukalemba e lyo no kwishibana aishibene na bacilolo ba mu buteko ukutungilila umulimo Yeremia alebomba.—Yeremia 26:1-9, 20-24.

‘Wilaifwaila Ifikalamba’

Ilyo Baruki alelemba umufungilo wa ntanshi, alipitile mu macushi, kabili alilishike ukuti: “Kalanda kuli ine! pantu Yehova alundapo ubulanda ku kukalipwa kwandi; nalifunshika ku kuteta kwandi, no kutusha nshisangile!” Mulandu nshi aililile akalanda?—Yeremia 45:1-3.

Takwaba icasuko icaishibikwa bwino, lelo, elenganyeni ifyalecitikila Baruki. Ukulanda pa lyashi ilyo Yehova alesoka Abena Israele na baYuda pa myaka 23 kwasokolwele ukuti aba bantu bali ni bacipondoka kabili balimukeene. Muli ulya wine mwaka, Yehova asokolwele ne fyo ali no konaula Yerusalemu na Yuda e lyo ne fyo ali no kutuma ulu luko muli bunkole ku Babilioni pa myaka 70. Nalimo ifi fyebo fyalisanshiwe na mu fyalembelwe mu mufungilo wa ntanshi. Kanshi fyonse fi fifwile fyalipeseshe Baruki amano. (Yeremia 25:1-11) Na kabili ukutungilila Yeremia pali iyi nshita yayafya calepilibula ukuti Baruki incito yali no kupwa kabili tali na kukwata icifulo cacindama.

Te mulandu na fyonse fi, Yehova ayafwile Baruki ukulatontonkanya pa bupingushi ubwali no kwisa. E ico Yehova atile: “Ico nakuulile ndeomona, ne co nalimbile ndenukula—e  kutila, icalo conse.” Lyena aipwishe Baruki ukuti: “Na iwe bushe uleifwaile fikalamba? Wifwaye fi.”—Yeremia 45:4, 5.

Yehova talandile mu kulungatika ifi fintu “ifikalamba”, lelo Baruki afwile alishibe nga kufwaisha ukuisekesha, ukulumbuka, nelyo ukufwaya ifyuma. Yehova alimwafwile ukulatontonkanya bwino kabili amwebele ukulaibukisha ifyali no kucitika ku ntanshi, atile: “Pantu mona, nkaleto bubi pa bantunse bonse, . . . lelo napeela kuli iwe umweo obe ku kube ca kutapa cobe konse uko wingaya.” Icali icacindama sana kuli Baruki mweo wakwe, Yehova ali no kumucingilila konse uko ali no kuya.—Yeremia 45:5.

Pa numa ya kulanda ifyaba muli Yeremia icipandwa 36 na 45 ifyacitike mu 625 na mu 624 B.C.E., Baibolo tailandapo nangu cimo pali Baruki mpaka lintu kwashele imyeshi inono ilyo Abena Babiloni bashilaonaula Yerusalemu na Yuda mu 607 B.C.E. Cinshi cacitike mu 607 B.C.E.?

Baruki Atungilila Yeremia na Kabili

Baruki alumbulwa na kabili mu Baibolo pa nshita lintu abena Babiloni bashingile Yerusalemu. Yeremia ‘alisalilwe mu lubansa lwa bakalinda,’ ilyo Yehova amwebele ukushite mpanga ya kwa munyina muli wishi mwaice iyali mu Anatote. Ici calolele mu kuti abaYuda bali no kubwela ukufuma muli bunkole. Baruki balimwitile ukwafwako Yeremia mu fya kulembeshanya ukushita impanga.—Yeremia 32:1, 2, 6, 7.

Yeremia alondolwele ukuti: “Nalembele muli kalata, nalikomenene, nalengele ne nte shiciteko ubunte, no kulinga silfere mu ca kweseshamo ukufina. E lyo nabuulile kalata wa kushitilapo, uwakomenenwa, . . . no wa nsansalila, no kupeela kalata wa kushitilapo kuli Baruki.” Lyena akonkomeshe Baruki ukukomenena aya amakalata ya kushitilapo impanga no kuyabika mu cipe ce loba pa kuti yasungwe bwino. Abasoma bamo batontonkanya ukuti ilyo Yeremia alandile aya mashiwi ya kuti “alilembele” kalata wa kushitilapo impanga, afwile abomfeshe Baruki,  kalemba, ukulemba iyi kalata.—Yeremia 32:10-14;36:4, 17, 18; 45:1.

Baruki na Yeremia balikonkele amafunde ya kushitilapo impanga ayo balekonka ilya nshita. Pa kushita impanga babomfeshe amapepala ya macinda yabili. Icitabo ca Corpus of West Semitic Stamp Seals cilondolola ukuti: “Icalembwa ca kubalilapo balecita ukuti ‘icakakatikwa’ pantu balecifunga no kubikako ica kukakatikapo nelyo ifya kukakatikapo; e mwalembelwe ifyo basuminishenye. . . . Ipepala lya bubili e po bayambwilile ifyebo ifyo basuminishenye pa kuti balebelengapo lyonse ilyo bafwaya. Kanshi kwaleba ifyalembwa fibili, icakakatikwapo e lyo ne co bashakakatikepo, kabili balefilemba pa mapepala yabili aya macinda.” Abashula ifya kushulashula balisumina ukuti ca cine kale ifyalembwa balefisungila mu cipe ce loba.

Mu kupelako abena Babiloni balicandile Yerusalemu no kuyoca, kabili basendele abantu abengi muli bunkole ukushako fye abapiina. Nebukadnesari asontele Gedalia ukuba umulashi, lelo pa numa ya myeshi ibili balimwipeye. AbaYuda abashele basalilepo ukuya ku Egupti, ukupusanako ne fyo Yeremia abebele ilyo apuutilwemo no mupashi. Kabili cali ni pa nshita lintu ifintu fya musango yu fyalecitika e lintu Baruki alumbulwa na kabili mu Baibolo.—Jeremiah 39:2, 8; 40:5; 41:1, 2; 42:13-17.

Intungulushi sha baYuda shaebele Yeremia ukuti: “Bufi ulebepa; Yehova Lesa wesu takutumine ku kusosa, ati, Mwiya ku Egupti ku kulebela kulya; lelo ni Baruki mwana Neria e wakusonga pali ifwe, ukuti tupeelwe mu minwe ya bena Kaldi, ku kutwipaya napamo ku kutuulwila ku Babele.” (Yeremia 43:2, 3) Aya mashiwi yalelanga ukuti intungulushi sha baYuda shalemona kwati Baruki e walesonga sana Yeremia. Bushe icifulo ca kwa Baruki nelyo ukumfwana kwali pali ena na Yeremia, e fyalengele basumine ukuti Baruki alicilile pa kuba fye kalemba wa kwa kasesema? Limbi e calengele, lelo te mulandu ne fyo intungulushi sha baYuda shaletontonkanya, ubukombe bwalefuma kuli Yehova.

Nangu Lesa asokele abaYuda abashele ukuti beya ku Egupti, bena balile basendele “na kasesema Yeremia na Baruki mwana Neria.” Yeremia alembele ukuti: “Baile na ku calo ca Egupti, no kufika ku Tafne kwine, pantu tabaumfwile kwi shiwi lya kwa Yehova.” Tafne wali musumba uwabelele ku kabanga uko umumana wa Naelo wapakanina na Sinai. Ukufuma fye apa Baruki talumbulwa mu malyashi ya mu Baibolo na kabili.—Yeremia 43:5-7.

Finshi Twingasambilila Kuli Baruki?

Kuti twasambilila ifingi kuli Baruki. Icikalamba sana ca kuti aliitemenwe ukubomfya ukulamuka kwakwe no kwishibikwa kwakwe mu mulimo wa kwa Yehova te mulandu ne fyali no kumucitikila. Inte sha kwa Yehova abengi pali lelo, abaume na banakashi balacita cimo cine balaipeela abene ukubomfya ukulamuka kwabo mu Bethel, mu makuule, e lyo ne milimo imbi. Bushe imwe kuti mwacita shani ifyo Baruki acitile?

Ilyo Baruki bamucinkwileko ukuti mu nshiku sha kulekelesha isha bufumu bwa Yuda takwali inshita ya ‘kuifwaila ifikalamba’ alyumfwilile, no umweo wakwe walibakilwe. Apo na ifwe tuleikala ku kupwa kwa bwikashi buno kuti cawama nga twakonka uku kufunda. Na ifwe Yehova alitulaya cimo cine, alitulaya ukuti akabaka imyeo yesu. Bushe kuti twakonka ukusoka nga filya Baruki acitile?

Kuli na cimbi icacindama ico tufwile ukusambililako kwi lyashi lya kwa Baruki. Baruki ayafwile Yeremia na munyina ukulemba amapepala yalefwaikwa pa kushita impanga nangu cingatila balya baume bali ni bamunyina. Ici ca kumwenako cisuma ica mu Baibolo ico Abena Kristu bafwile ukukonka ilyo balecita ubukwebo na Bena Kristu banabo. Ukulemba ifyo mwasuminishanya ilyo mulecita amakwebo na bambi kwa mu Malembo, kulabomba bwino, kabili ni nshila iya kulangilamo ukutemwa kuli bambi.

Nangu cingatila Baruki alumbulwa fye panono mu Baibolo, calicindama ukuti Abena Kristu bonse pali lelo bakonke ifyo acitile. Bushe mukakonka ica kumwenako cisuma ica fyo kalemba wa kwa Yeremia acitile?

[Icikope pe bula 16]

Ibumba ilya kwa Baruki

[Abatusuminishe]

Bulla: Courtesy of Israel Museum, Jerusalem